Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 1 Filed: 04/02/2024

NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________

GARY R. AMASON, Petitioner

v.

UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE, Respondent ______________________

2021-1800 ______________________

Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection Board in No. DA-0752-19-0523-I-2. ______________________

Decided: April 2, 2024 ______________________

JAMES M. ANDERSEN, Houston, TX, for petitioner.

AUGUSTUS JEFFREY GOLDEN, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Jus- tice, Washington, DC, for respondent. Also represented by REGINALD THOMAS BLADES, JR., BRIAN M. BOYNTON, PATRICIA M. MCCARTHY. ______________________

Before LOURIE, CHEN, and CUNNINGHAM, Circuit Judges. Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 2 Filed: 04/02/2024

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PER CURIAM. Gary R. Amason petitions for review of a Merit Systems Protection Board (“Board”) decision affirming the United States Postal Service’s reduction of his grade and pay. Amason v. U.S. Postal Serv., No. DA-0752-19-0523-I-2, 2021 WL 533568 (M.S.P.B. Feb. 8, 2021) (“Decision”) (J.A. 1–28). 1 We affirm. I. BACKGROUND Mr. Amason was employed with the United States Postal Service (“Postal Service”) as an EAS 21 Postmaster at the Webster Post Office (“WPO”) in Webster, Texas. De- cision at 2; J.A. 36. Postmasters are responsible for over- seeing the daily operations of a post office, including the timely delivery of mail. Decision at 2; J.A. 36; J.A. 182–83. In November 2018, the Postal Service Office of Inspec- tor General (“OIG”) investigated WPO’s scanning proce- dures, revealing that over 1,000 packages were improperly scanned as delivered in September 2018 when the pack- ages actually remained within the WPO. Decision at 2; J.A. 169–70. In February 2019, based on a management referral from the OIG, Manager of Post Office Operations Sunny Sunny also investigated the improper scans. Decision at 2; J.A. 172–73. Based on the results of his investigation, on April 10, 2019, Mr. Sunny issued a notice of proposed re- duction in grade and pay to Mr. Amason based on “unac- ceptable conduct” of instructing staff to make inappropriate scans of packages or misrepresent the status of packages, indicating they had been delivered or

1 Because the reported version of the Board’s deci- sion is not paginated, citations in this opinion are to the version of the Board’s decision included in the Joint Appen- dix. For example, Decision at 1 is found at J.A. 1. Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 3 Filed: 04/02/2024

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available for pickup when they were not. Decision at 2–3; J.A. 36. The letter proposed a reduction in grade and pay from Postmaster, EAS 21 with a salary of $93,461.00, to Supervisor, EAS 17 with a salary of $81,234.00. J.A. 38. The letter also explained that Mr. Amason’s actions vio- lated the Postal Service’s rules and regulations, quoting multiple provisions of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual. J.A. 38. On August 29, 2019, Deciding Official Myron Kelly is- sued a letter of decision, sustaining the charge and reduc- ing Mr. Amason’s grade and pay, effective September 5, 2019. Decision at 3; J.A. 40–44. Mr. Amason appealed the decision to the Board. Decision at 1; J.A. 29–34. On February 8, 2021, the administrative judge af- firmed the Postal Service’s decision. Decision at 1–20. The administrative judge found that the Postal Service proved its charge by preponderant evidence. Id. at 3–6. The ad- ministrative judge also found that Mr. Amason failed to es- tablish a due process claim, that there is a nexus between the misconduct and the efficiency of the service, and that the penalty of demotion is reasonable. Id. at 17–20. On March 15, 2021, the administrative judge’s decision be- came the Board’s final decision. Id. at 20. Mr. Amason appeals. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9). II. DISCUSSION A. “We affirm a decision of the Board unless it is found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or other- wise not in accordance with law; obtained without proce- dures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or unsupported by substantial evidence.” Ford- Clifton v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., 661 F.3d 655, 658–59 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c)). “We ‘must re- verse a decision of the Board if it . . . is not in accordance Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 4 Filed: 04/02/2024

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with the requirements of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment . . . .’” Ward v. U.S. Postal Serv., 634 F.3d 1274, 1278 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (first alteration in origi- nal) (quoting Blank v. Dep’t of the Army, 247 F.3d 1225, 1228 (Fed. Cir. 2001)). B. On appeal, Mr. Amason argues that the Postal Ser- vice’s action violated his due process rights, Appellant’s Br. 8, 11–12; see also id. at 13–23, and that there was no substantial evidence supporting the Board’s decision, id. at 8, 29–30. We address each argument in turn. Regarding due process, Mr. Amason argues that nei- ther the Board nor the Postal Service cited to “any written document, including but not limited to any USPS Manage- ment Directive, USPS Manual, USPS Rule, USPS Proce- dure, Regulation in the United States Code of Federal Regulation, or any statute in the United States Code[ ]as the basis for any discipline issued against [him].” Id. at 15. We find this argument unpersuasive. The April 2019 Let- ter cites several provisions of the Employee and Labor Re- lations Manual as the basis for the reduction in pay and grade, and Mr. Amason does not contest that the Employee and Labor Relations Manual constitutes a part of the Postal Service’s regulations. J.A. 38; Appellant’s Br. 15; see also 39 C.F.R. § 211.2(a)(2) (“The regulations of the Postal Service consist of . . . the Employee and Labor Relations Manual . . . .”). The cited provisions of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual expect employees to “be loyal to the United States government and uphold the policies and regulations of the Postal Service,” to “discharge their as- signed duties conscientiously and effectively,” and to be “honest, reliable, trustworthy, courteous, and of good char- acter and reputation.” J.A. 38 (emphases added) (citing Employee and Labor Relations Manual §§ 665.11, 665.13, 665.16). Because Mr. Amason was charged with instruct- ing his staff to make misrepresentations as to the status of Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 5 Filed: 04/02/2024

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packages, J.A. 36, an action that is inherently dishonest, the cited sections of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual provided sufficient notice. See J.A. 38 (noting the lack of integrity in Mr. Amason’s actions). Therefore, the April 2019 Letter, citing relevant provisions of the Em- ployee and Labor Relations Manual, satisfied the due pro- cess requirement that “an employee be given notice of the charges against him in sufficient detail to allow the em- ployee to make an informed reply.” Do v. Dep’t of Hous. & Urb. Dev., 913 F.3d 1089, 1094 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (citations omitted). Furthermore, even if we take as true Mr. Amason’s al- legation that the Postal Service had no scanning practices and procedures at the time of his conduct, Appellant’s Br. 17, Mr. Amason still owed a duty to be honest, reliable, and trustworthy under the provisions of the Employee and La- bor Relations Manual discussed above. Inappropriate scans of packages violate this duty. Accordingly, we con- clude that the Board did not err and that Mr. Amason has failed to establish a due process violation. C. Mr. Amason also argues that the Board’s findings on nexus and the reasonableness of the penalty are not sup- ported by substantial evidence. See Appellant’s Br. 29–30; see also id. at 23–28. We disagree. Regarding nexus, the Board found the nexus “clear where, as here, the agency has established by preponder- ant evidence that the appellant, as Postmaster, instructed Postal employees to misrepresent the status of mail through improper scanning.” Decision at 18. Because Mr. Amason acted inappropriately in his capacity as a Post- master, there was substantial evidence to support a finding of nexus because there was a “direct connection” between the efficiency of the service and Mr. Amason’s misconduct. Parker v. U.S. Postal Serv., 819 F.2d 1113, 1116 (Fed. Cir. 1987). The nexus between the “falsification of government Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 6 Filed: 04/02/2024

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records”—like Post Service’s records of the status of pack- ages—and the “efficiency of the service [is] ‘obvious on the face of the facts.’” Gonzales v. Def. Logistics Agency, 772 F.2d 887, 889 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (quoting Phillips v. Ber- gland, 586 F.2d 1007, 1011 (4th Cir. 1978) and citing Hayes v. Dep’t of the Navy, 727 F.2d 1535, 1539 & n.3 (Fed. Cir. 1984)). Whether Mr. Amason violated any criminal statute or engaged in any other egregious conduct is irrelevant. See Appellant’s Br. 26. The record shows that Mr. Ama- son’s actions negatively impacted the efficiency of the Postal Service by resulting in numerous customer com- plaints. J.A. 96–152. Therefore, we find the Board’s find- ing on nexus to be supported by substantial evidence. We further conclude that substantial evidence sup- ports the Board’s finding that the penalty of demotion is reasonable. Decision at 18–20. The August 2019 Decision Letter and Mr. Kelly’s declaration include thorough anal- yses of the Douglas factors and support this finding. See J.A. 41–42; J.A. 182–85. Mr. Amason argues that his pen- alty is inconsistent with the penalty imposed on others, cit- ing to one example when another postmaster in Texas was given a letter of reprimand in lieu of a demotion under a similar charge. Appellant’s Br. 30; see also J.A. 550–53. However, in that case, only about 100 packages were found to be mis-scanned, and none of the employees identified the reprimanded postmaster as the official that gave them the instruction to perform improper scans. J.A. 550–51. Here, over 1,000 packages were improperly scanned, Decision at 2; J.A. 89–91, and several employees stated that Mr. Ama- son instructed them to make the improper scans on multi- ple occasions. See, e.g., J.A. 81–82; J.A. 180–81; J.A. 84; J.A. 87. Because the other postmaster’s conduct was not analogous, his reprimand does not establish that Mr. Ama- son received a penalty inconsistent with other employees in similar circumstances. Mr. Amason also contends that the offense was “very minor” compared to the amount of mail that WPO Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 7 Filed: 04/02/2024

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processes and delivers and that the Postal Service has else- where conceded that the improper scanning resulted in nothing more than “an inconvenience.” Appellant’s Br. 27, 30. The Board rejected this argument, instead finding that Mr. Kelly properly found Mr. Amason’s misconduct to be serious, noting that it violated customers’ trust and was at odds with his obligation as a postmaster. See Decision at 19–20; J.A. 41 ¶ 2; J.A. 183 ¶ 9a. The Board also explained that improper scans resulted in numerous customer com- plaints regarding inaccurate tracking information and con- fusion as to the location of their mail. Decision at 19–20; see also J.A. 41 ¶ 7; J.A. 184 ¶ 9c; J.A. 96–152. We see no error in the Board’s analysis. Mr. Amason additionally argues that Mr. Kelly’s find- ing of no hope of rehabilitation was not supported by sub- stantial evidence, citing his long tenure as a Postal Service employee without prior discipline. Appellant’s Br. 30; see also id. at 26–27. But the Board concluded that Mr. Kelly considered these factors but found them outweighed by the seriousness of Mr. Amason’s conduct, particularly in light of his supervisory role. Decision at 19; J.A. 41 ¶¶ 3–4; J.A. 184–85 ¶¶ 9d, 9i. Here too, we do not see any error in the Board’s analysis. We “will not disturb a choice of penalty within the agency’s discretion unless the severity of the agency’s ac- tion appears totally unwarranted in light of all the factors.” Mings v. Dep’t of Just., 813 F.2d 384, 390 (Fed. Cir. 1987). Because substantial evidence supports the Board’s finding that the penalty is reasonable, we will not disturb it. III. CONCLUSION We have considered Mr. Amason’s remaining argu- ments and find them unpersuasive. For the foregoing rea- sons, we affirm the Board’s decision. AFFIRMED