Case: 24-1154 Document: 24 Page: 1 Filed: 05/07/2024

NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________ JONATHAN STEELE, Petitioner v. OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT, Respondent ______________________ 2024-1154 ______________________ Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection Board in No. PH-844E-21-0362-I-1. ______________________ Decided: May 7, 2024 ______________________ JONATHAN STEELE, Hermitage, PA, pro se.

ANNE DELMARE, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washing- ton, DC, for respondent. Also represented by BRIAN M.

BOYNTON, PATRICIA M. MCCARTHY, CORINNE ANNE NIOSI. ______________________ Before LOURIE, PROST, and STARK, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM.

Case: 24-1154 Document: 24 Page: 2 Filed: 05/07/2024

2 STEELE v. OPM

Jonathan Steele appeals from a final decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board (“Board”) denying his re- quest for disability retirement benefits under the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (“FERS”). For the reasons below, we affirm the Board’s decision.

BACKGROUND Mr. Steele served in the U.S. Air Force in 1999 for 27 days and in 2005 for 107 days. Mr. Steele also alleges that he served an additional 8.5 years in the military between 1999 and 2022. Appellant’s Informal Br. 7. He also worked for the Veterans Health Administration from February 18, 2020, until February 9, 2021 (11 months and 22 days).

Mr. Steele applied for disability retirement benefits un- der FERS. The Office of Personnel Management (“OPM”) denied Mr. Steele’s application because he had worked less than the 18 months in civilian service required to receive this benefit. Mr. Steele sought reconsideration, and OPM sustained its findings. Mr. Steele then appealed to the Board, where an Administrative Judge issued an initial de- cision affirming OPM’s reconsideration decision. Mr. Steele then filed a petition for review of the Administrative Judge’s initial decision. The Board issued a final order denying the petition for review.

Mr. Steele timely appealed. We have jurisdiction un- der 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9) and 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A).

DISCUSSION We must affirm the Board’s decision unless it was “(1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or other- wise not in accordance with law; (2) obtained without pro- cedures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or (3) unsupported by substantial evidence.” 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c). “The petitioner bears the burden of es- tablishing error in the Board’s decision.” Harris v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., 142 F.3d 1463, 1467 (Fed. Cir. 1998).

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STEELE v. OPM 3

Mr. Steele argues that he is eligible for disability re- tirement benefits based on his combined number of years in civilian and military service.

FERS establishes that “[a]n employee who completes at least 18 months of civilian service creditable under [5 U.S.C. §] 8411 and has become disabled” is eligible for dis- ability retirement. 5 U.S.C. § 8451(a)(1)(A); see also 5 C.F.R. § 844.103(a)(1) (“The individual must have com- pleted at least 18 months of civilian service that is credita- ble under FERS, as defined in § 842.304 of this chapter.”).

The plain language of FERS requires 18 months of civilian service under § 8411 to establish eligibility for disability retirement. 5 U.S.C. § 8451(a)(1)(A); 5 C.F.R. § 844.103(a)(1). Mr. Steele does not dispute that he worked less than 18 months in civilian service. Appellant’s Infor- mal Br. 7, 8. Therefore, Mr. Steele is not eligible for FERS disability retirement benefits. 1 Mr. Steele argues that his military service should count toward the 18-month-civilian-service requirement.

We disagree. Section 8411, which mentions both civilian and military service, is used for FERS purposes in addition to § 8451 eligibility. For example, “total service” under § 8411 (potentially both military and civilian) may be used in the calculation of an annuity. See 5 U.S.C. § 8415(a).

Section 8411’s reference to both types of service, however, does not change the fact that § 8451 requires 18 months of civilian service. See Montelongo v. OPM, 939 F.3d 1351, 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (“[M]ilitary service may count in cal- culating the amount of an annuity if eligibility is estab- lished, [but] eligibility may not be met by combining

1 Mr. Steele alleges that he was forced to quit his job at the VA, which prevented him from completing 18 months of civilian service. He has not advanced any argu- ment why this allegation would change the calculation of the period of civilian service here.

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4 STEELE v. OPM

civilian and military service.”) (distinguishing civilian ser- vice from military service in an analogous FERS provision, 5 U.S.C. § 8410). 2 Military service therefore cannot count toward the required 18 months of civilian service.

Mr. Steele also appears to raise a discrimination claim related to his denial of benefits. He did not raise this claim before the Board, and thus it is forfeited on appeal. Oshiver v. OPM, 896 F.2d 540, 542 (Fed. Cir. 1990). Moreover, we do not have jurisdiction to address a claim for discrimina- tion under 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2). Williams v. Dep’t of Army, 715 F.2d 1485, 1487 (Fed. Cir. 1982) (en banc). We there- fore do not address the merits of this argument.

CONCLUSION We have considered Mr. Steele’s remaining arguments and find them unpersuasive. Because Mr. Steele does not meet the 18-month civilian service eligibility requirement for disability retirement benefits under FERS, we affirm.

AFFIRMED COSTS No costs.

2 Mr. Steele also argues that he is attempting to pay a deposit to receive credit for his military service. E.g., 5 U.S.C. § 8411(c)(1)(B) (allowing “credit for . . . each period of military service performed after December 31, 1956, . . . if a deposit . . . is made” in accordance with another provi- sion (emphasis added)); see also 5 C.F.R. §§ 842.306(a)(2) (implementing the requirements of § 8411(c)(1)(B)), 842.307 (setting out the requirements for a deposit). Even if Mr. Steele pays this deposit to receive credit, military credit may not be used to establish disability retirement eligibility under the plain language of 5 U.S.C. § 8451(a)(1)(A).