Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 1 Filed: 11/04/2025

NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________

RONALD J. BARRETTE, Petitioner

v.

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, Respondent ______________________

2024-1708 ______________________

Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection Board in No. AT-1221-16-0840-W-1. ______________________

Decided: November 4, 2025 ______________________

ROBERT L. SIRIANNI, JR., Brownstone, PA, Winter Park, FL, for petitioner. Also represented by GEORGE W. THOMAS.

LIRIDONA SINANI, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washing- ton, DC, for respondent. Also represented by ERIC P. BRUSKIN, PATRICIA M. MCCARTHY, BRETT SHUMATE. ______________________

Before CHEN, CLEVENGER, and HUGHES, Circuit Judges. Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 2 Filed: 11/04/2025

2 BARRETTE v. DVA

PER CURIAM. Dr. Ronald J. Barrette appeals the final decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board (“Board”) upholding his termination from the Department of Veteran Affairs (“VA”). Barrette v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., No. AT-1221-16- 0840-W-1, 2024 WL 640851 (M.S.P.B. Feb. 14, 2024). For the reasons stated below, we affirm the Board’s final deci- sion. I Dr. Barrette was a general surgeon at the VA Medical Center located in Fayetteville, North Carolina. His posi- tion was subject to the completion of a two-year probation- ary period, which began on November 4, 2012. During his employment, Dr. Barrette reported multiple incidents to his superiors which he perceived as compromising patient care. Nearing the end of Dr. Barrette’s probationary period, his request for reappointment and clinical privileges was considered at a meeting of the agency’s Professional Stand- ards Board (“PSB”). After the PSB heard evidence of al- leged personal and professional misconduct by Dr. Barrette, it unanimously voted to convene a Summary Review Board (“SRB”) to evaluate whether the agency should employ Dr. Barrette beyond his probationary pe- riod. Following an extensive evidentiary hearing on Octo- ber 23, 2014, the SRB recommended that Dr. Barrette be removed during his probationary period. The SRB’s recom- mendation was based on its findings that Dr. Barrette (1) failed to timely complete brief operative notes; (2) failed to timely complete online training requirements; (3) pre- scribed opiates to a VA employee who was not his patient; and (4) interacted with surgical staff in an unprofessional manner. Dr. Barrette was removed from his position on October 30, 2014. Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 3 Filed: 11/04/2025

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II On September 23, 2016, Dr. Barrette filed an individ- ual right of action (“IRA”) appeal with the Board seeking to overturn his removal. He argued that he was unlawfully terminated in retaliation for whistleblowing activities. The administrative judge (“AJ”) assigned to Dr. Barrette’s case determined that Dr. Barrette established a prima facie case of retaliation, but found the VA established by clear and convincing evidence it would have terminated Dr. Bar- rette regardless of his whistleblower activity. Barrette v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., No. AT-1221-16-0840-W-1, 2018 WL 1376974 (M.S.P.B. Mar. 15, 2018) (“Initial Decision”). In evaluating whether the agency met its burden, the AJ considered the three Carr factors: (1) “the strength of the agency’s evidence in support of its personnel action”; (2) “the existence and strength of any motive to retaliate on the part of the agency officials who were involved in the decision”; and (3) “any evidence that the agency takes sim- ilar actions against employees who are not whistleblowers but who are otherwise similarly situated.” Carr v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 185 F.3d 1318, 1323 (Fed. Cir. 1999). For the first Carr factor, the AJ found “the agency had ample evidence to support terminating the appellant dur- ing his probationary period.” Initial Decision at 17. Under second Carr factor, the AJ found that none of the officials involved in Dr. Barrette’s termination had strong motive to retaliate. With respect to the third Carr factor, the AJ noted that certain physicians engaged in some of the same conduct as Dr. Barrette, but concluded they were not simi- larly situated. The AJ thus found that the agency met its burden to show that it would have removed Dr. Barrette regardless of his whistleblowing activity. Consequently, the AJ de- nied Dr. Barrette’s IRA appeal. Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 4 Filed: 11/04/2025

4 BARRETTE v. DVA

Dr. Barrette appealed the Initial Decision to the Board. The Board denied Dr. Barrette’s petition for review and af- firmed the Initial Decision, thus finalizing the Initial Deci- sion. Dr. Barrette timely appealed to this court. We have ju- risdiction to review the Board’s decision under 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) and 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9). III We will set aside the Board’s decision only if it is “(1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or other- wise not in accordance with law; (2) obtained without pro- cedures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or (3) unsupported by substantial evidence.” 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c). Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Consol. Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229 (1938) (citation omitted). IV Dr. Barrette challenges the Board’s conclusion that the VA established, by clear and convincing evidence, that it would have terminated Dr. Barrette’s employment absent his whistleblower activity. Namely, Dr. Barrette argues that the Board improperly applied the second and third Carr factors. 1 Having considered Dr. Barrette’s argu- ments, we conclude that the AJ’s findings are supported by substantial evidence.

1 Dr. Barrette does not challenge the Board’s findings

as to the first Carr factor. Accordingly, this opinion ad- dresses only his arguments regarding the second and third factors. Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 5 Filed: 11/04/2025

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A Under the second Carr factor, Dr. Barrette challenges the AJ’s conclusion that none of the officials involved in his removal had strong motive to retaliate. He argues that the Board ignored evidence of Dr. Fowler’s and Dr. Antoine’s motive to retaliate. The AJ was not required to address every piece of evi- dence to demonstrate that she considered it. See Med- tronic, Inc. v. Daig Corp., 789 F.2d 903, 906 (Fed. Cir. 1986) (“We presume that a fact finder reviews all the evidence presented unless he explicitly expresses otherwise.”). Even so, the AJ did discuss much of the evidence Dr. Barrette cites. For example, the AJ acknowledged that Dr. Fowler, the Chief of Surgery, was aware of Dr. Barrette’s whistle- blowing activity and presented evidence to the SRB. How- ever, the AJ concluded Dr. Fowler did not have a strong motive to retaliate because the record did not establish that he “fabricated evidence against” Dr. Barrette or “engaged in any impropriety as a result of [Dr. Barrette’s] disclo- sures.” Initial Decision at 18. The AJ also credited testi- mony that Dr. Antoine, the Chief of Staff, “could be retaliatory,” but concluded that that any animus Dr. An- toine held towards Dr. Barrette was based on Dr. Bar- rette’s previous locum tenens practice and the numerous complaints received regarding Dr. Barrette’s behavior, ra- ther than his protected disclosures. Id. at 18-19. The AJ evaluated the record, including evidence that Dr. Barrette cites, and determined it did not reflect any strong motive to retaliate. This conclusion is supported by substantial evidence, and we will not reweigh such evi- dence. See Jones v. Dep’t of Health & Hum. Servs., 834 F.3d 1361, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (“Under the substantial evi- dence standard of review, we ‘do[ ] not reweigh evidence on appeal.’” (quoting In re NTP, Inc., 654 F.3d 1279, 1292 (Fed. Cir. 2011))). Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 6 Filed: 11/04/2025

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B The third Carr factor looks to whether an agency treats whistleblowers more harshly than other non-whistleblower employees, and requires “the comparison employees to be ‘similarly situated’ – not identically situated – to the whis- tleblower.” Whitmore v. Dep’t of Lab., 680 F.3d 1353, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2012). The AJ’s decision suggested that the rec- ord initially favored Dr. Barrette, because uncontradicted evidence showed that other physicians at the same facility engaged in some of the same conduct as Dr. Barrette, but suffered no consequences for their misbehavior. Nonethe- less, the AJ held that the record did not establish that the agency treated any employee similarly situated to Dr. Bar- rette more leniently. Initial Decision at 19. The AJ stated two reasons for determining that the others were not simi- larly situated: first, because none of the other comparators engaged in all four of the kinds of misconduct for which Dr. Barrette was removed, and second, because unlike Dr. Barrette none of the other offending physicians was a probationary employee. Id. Because the record did not es- tablish that the agency treated similarly situated employ- ees differently, the third Carr factor did not weigh against the agency. Dr. Barrette argues that the AJ (and thus the Board in affirming the AJ’s decision), misapplied the similarly situ- ated test with both of its reasons for finding the other phy- sicians not similarly situated to Dr. Barrette. Appellant Br. at 17, 26-27. We disagree. Dr. Barrette does not dispute that the four misconduct grounds for which he was removed differ from the lesser number of grounds of misconduct committed by compara- tors who suffered no consequences. Considering the differ- ences in conduct between Dr. Barrette and the others who engaged in misconduct, the AJ fulfilled Whitmore’s require- ment that “[d]ifferences in kinds and degrees of conduct be- tween otherwise similarly situated persons within an Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 7 Filed: 11/04/2025

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agency can and should be accounted for to arrive at a well reasoned conclusion regarding Carr factor three.” Whitmore, 680 F.3d at 1373. Dr. Barrette has shown no error by the AJ by distinguishing the conduct of Dr. Bar- rette from the conduct of the other comparators. Dr. Barrette argues that the Board erred in finding that other physicians who engaged in misconduct without consequences were not comparators because they, unlike Dr. Barrette, were not in probationary employee status. His opening brief points to a fellow physician, Dr. Bolling, and states that Dr. Bolling also was a probationary general surgeon. Appellant Br. at 19, 26. As the agency shows in its response brief, Response Br. at 37, Dr. Barrette’s state- ment is a bare allegation raised on appeal, and no more, because Dr. Barrette has provided no citation to the record to support his statement. Dr. Barrette also fails to provide any record citations to show that before the Board he iden- tified Dr. Bolling, or any of the other fellow employees who engaged in some, but not all, of the cited misconduct as pro- bationary employees. The record does show that Dr. Bol- ling engaged in some misconduct without consequences, but Dr. Barrette fails to demonstrate that Dr. Bolling en- gaged in all of the misconduct for which Dr. Barrette was removed. Dr. Barrette’s challenge to the second rationale used by the AJ to find the lack of similarly situated employ- ees lacks record support and is therefore unavailing. Dr. Barrette presented a prima facie case of reprisal for engaging in protected disclosures, but the agency was found to have sustained its defense that it would have re- moved Dr. Barrette regardless of his whistleblower activ- ity. Dr. Barrette did not challenge that the agency sustained the first Carr factor, and Dr. Barrette has not shown error in the AJ’s determination on the second and third Carr factors. As such, we have no grounds on which to disturb the agency’s decision removing Dr. Barrette. Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 8 Filed: 11/04/2025

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V Dr. Barrette also argues the Board and VA made “pro- cedural errors” and that the VA deprived him of due pro- cess. We reject these arguments. First, Dr. Barrette argues that the AJ improperly failed to compel the VA to produce requested discovery or to impose consequences for the VA’s “noncooperation.” We perceive no abuse of discretion in this case, much less one supporting reversal. See Curtin v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 846 F.2d 1373, 1378 (Fed. Cir. 1988) (“This court will not over- turn the board on [discovery and evidentiary] matters un- less an abuse of discretion is clear and is harmful.”). The AJ partially granted Dr. Barrette’s requests to compel dis- covery from the VA prior to the hearing, but denied to im- pose sanctions as they were not justified by the circumstances. Dr. Barrette has not persuaded us this de- cision was an abuse of discretion. Second, Dr. Barrette argues the SRB was biased and failed to interview all relevant individuals. Dr. Barrette makes no allegations of AJ error as it relates to these ar- guments. In fact, it does not appear that he presented these arguments until his petition for review by the Board. Accordingly, we will not consider these arguments. See Bosley v. Merit Sys. Prot. Bd., 162 F.3d 665, 668 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (“A party in an MSPB proceeding must raise an issue before the administrative judge if the issue is to be preserved for review in this court. Thus, if the party fails to raise an issue in the administrative proceeding or raises an issue for the first time in a petition for review by the full Board, this court will not consider the issue.”). Third, Dr. Barrette makes several arguments regard- ing the ways he believes the VA deprived him of due pro- cess. Again, it is not clear that Dr. Barrette raised these arguments below. In any event, these arguments would not have been within the Board’s jurisdiction. “[I]n an IRA appeal to the Board, the Board’s review is limited to the Case: 24-1708 Document: 47 Page: 9 Filed: 11/04/2025

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merits of allegations of violations of the Whistleblower Pro- tection Act.” Young v. Merit Sys. Prot. Bd., 961 F.3d 1323, 1327 (Fed. Cir. 2020). Dr. Barrette’s “argument that his termination did not comply with requirements for due pro- cess” is “separate and distinct from the whistleblower alle- gations,” and thus falls outside of the Board’s jurisdiction. Meyers v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., 33 F. App’x 523, 526-27 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (determining due process violation claim fell outside of Board’s scope of review in IRA appeal); see also Midyett v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., 666 F. App’x 905, 907 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (same). CONCLUSION We have carefully reviewed Dr. Barrette’s arguments and find that none undermine the Board’s final decision. For the reasons stated above, we affirm. AFFIRMED COSTS No costs.