U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 2026

Surti v. MSPB

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit · Decided September 9, 2026

Opinion

Case: 25-1746 Document: 40 Page: 1 Filed: 09/09/2026

NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________ NEIL D. SURTI, Petitioner v. MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD, Respondent ______________________ 2025-1746 ______________________ Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection Board in No. PH-0752-25-0136-I-1. ______________________ Decided: September 9, 2026 ______________________ NEIL SURTI, Absecon, NJ, pro se.

STEPHEN FUNG, Office of the General Counsel, United States Merit Systems Protection Board, Washington, DC, for respondent. Also represented by KATHERINE MICHELLE SMITH. ______________________ Before DYK, CHEN, and STOLL, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM.

Case: 25-1746 Document: 40 Page: 2 Filed: 09/09/2026

2 SURTI v. MSPB

Neil Surti petitions for review of a final decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board (“Board”). The Board dis- missed Mr. Surti’s appeal of his paid suspension, conclud- ing that it lacked jurisdiction to adjudicate a paid suspension as an adverse action and that Mr. Surti had not made nonfrivolous allegations of protected whistleblowing activity. We affirm.

BACKGROUND Mr. Surti is an electronics engineer employed by the Federal Aviation Administration (“agency”) within the De- partment of Transportation. On July 27, 2024, the agency notified Mr. Surti that it was placing him on paid adminis- trative leave. The agency imposed the leave in connection with an allegedly threatening email Mr. Surti sent to a su- pervisor, and Mr. Surti’s subsequent failure to report for an investigatory interview. Following a 30-day unpaid sus- pension period (which is not challenged in this petition for review), the agency again placed Mr. Surti on paid admin- istrative leave beginning November 15, 2024.

Mr. Surti filed an appeal with the Board challenging his placement on administrative leave. According to Mr. Surti, it was improper to discipline him based on his supervisors’ subjective impressions of his email without a determination that his email would be objectively viewed as threatening. Mr. Surti claimed that his continuing placement on leave since November 15, 2024, amounted to a constructive suspension appealable to the Board.

Mr. Surti also asserted that his placement on leave was in retaliation for protected whistleblowing disclosures.

An administrative judge (“AJ”) of the Board issued an initial decision dismissing Mr. Surti’s appeal for lack of ju- risdiction. The AJ concluded Mr. Surti had not pled facts supporting constructive suspension because he had not al- leged that the leave was unpaid or that the agency had re- quired him to use sick leave or annual leave. The AJ Case: 25-1746 Document: 40 Page: 3 Filed: 09/09/2026

SURTI v. MSPB 3 construed Mr. Surti’s allegation of whistleblower retalia- tion as an individual right of action (“IRA”) appeal but de- termined that Mr. Surti failed to nonfrivolously allege whistleblower retaliation.

Neither party filed for review of the initial decision by the full Board, and the initial decision became the final de- cision of the Board on April 4, 2025. Mr. Surti timely peti- tions for review by this court, and we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9).

DISCUSSION The Board’s determination of its jurisdiction is a ques- tion of law that we review de novo. Tavakkol v. Merit Sys. Prot. Bd., 175 F.4th 1360, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2026). A peti- tioner must make nonfrivolous allegations that, if proven, would establish jurisdiction. Coradeschi v. Dep’t of Home- land Sec., 439 F.3d 1329, 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2006).

Mr. Surti first argues that his being placed on paid ad- ministrative leave amounts to a constructive suspension.

However, placement on paid administrative leave is not an adverse action appealable to the Board under 5 U.S.C. § 7512 where, as here, the employee was not required to use sick or annual leave. Henry v. Dep’t of Navy, 902 F.2d 949, 954 (Fed. Cir. 1990). 1 The Board did not err in con- cluding that Mr. Surti failed to nonfrivolously allege con- structive suspension.

1 According to Mr. Surti, the Board “has jurisdiction to review claims of constructive suspension where an em- ployee is barred from duty for more than 14 days, even if in a paid status [and] even if not forced to use ‘enforced leave’ when that absence is not voluntary.” Appellant’s Informal Br. 5 (citing Abbott v. U.S. Postal Serv., 121 M.S.P.R. 294 (2014); Perez v. Dep’t of Just., 480 F.3d 1309 (Fed. Cir. Case: 25-1746 Document: 40 Page: 4 Filed: 09/09/2026

4 SURTI v. MSPB

Mr. Surti next argues that he nonfrivolously alleged re- taliation for protected whistleblowing disclosures. 2 See 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8). Before the Board, Mr. Surti identi- fied three alleged protected whistleblower disclo- sures: (1) an EEOC complaint alleging discrimination; (2) a 2022 union grievance; and (3) a 2024 investigatory in- terview.

As to the EEOC complaint, the Board concluded that Mr. Surti’s EEOC complaint regarding discrimination was not protected whistleblowing activity. IRA jurisdiction in- cludes allegations of retaliation for whistleblowing or for whistleblowing-related grievances but excludes retaliation for other grievances, such as grievances alleging discrimi- nation. Young v. Merit Sys. Prot. Bd., 961 F.3d 1323, 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2020). The Board correctly determined that the EEOC complaint could not be the basis of IRA jurisdiction. 3 As to the 2022 union grievance and 2024 investigatory interview, the Board concluded that Mr. Surti made only conclusory assertions that he made protected disclosures.

2007)). However, Abbott involved a petitioner who was re- quired to take leave during the period of her suspension, M.S.P.R. at 297–98 ¶¶ 6, 9, and in Perez, the petitioner was suspended without pay, 480 F.3d at 1310, 1313 (leav- ing open the question whether petitioner was entitled to back pay for his indefinite suspension). Neither case sup- ports Mr. Surti’s contention that paid leave without requir- ing the use of leave time is a constructive suspension.

2 Though not an adverse action under section 7512, placement on paid administrative leave is a personnel ac- tion for the purposes of an IRA appeal. 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A); see Chambers v. Dep’t of Interior, 602 F.3d 1370, 1382 n.11 (Fed. Cir. 2010). 3 Mr. Surti waives his claims of discrimination as re- quired to proceed with review at this court. Dkt. No. 21.

Case: 25-1746 Document: 40 Page: 5 Filed: 09/09/2026

SURTI v. MSPB 5

The Board looked to Mr. Surti’s settlement agreement re- lated to the 2022 union grievance and determined that the agreement provided “no detail about the allegations raised in the grievance.” S. App’x 5 (citing S. App’x 141). 4 The Board also examined an “agent statement” regarding the 2024 investigatory interview and observed that it did not describe the nature of the interview. S. App’x 5–6 (citing S. App’x 149). We agree with the Board that Mr. Surti failed to supply any information on the content of either the 2022 union grievance or the 2024 investigatory inter- view and failed to establish a nonfrivolous allegation of pro- tected disclosures. As Mr. Surti identifies no relevant evidence that the Board overlooked, we see no error in the Board’s conclusion that he failed to establish IRA jurisdic- tion.

We have considered Mr. Surti’s remaining arguments and find them unpersuasive.

AFFIRMED COSTS No costs.

4 Citations to “S. App’x” refer to the Supplemental Appendix submitted by the Respondent. Dkt. No. 28.

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