Goutos v. United States

delivered the opinion of the court.

This civilian pay case comes before the court on plaintiff’s and defendant’s cross-motions for summary judgment. Plaintiff seeks a retroactive appointment to Chief, Buildings and Grounds (B&G) Division, Job. No. 6442-S, Facilities Engineering Directorate, U.S. Army Engineering Command, Frankfurt, Germany. Further he seeks promotion from GS-13 to GS-14, and back pay from the date of promotion. The parties present two issues. The first is whether plaintiff was ever officially appointed to the position of Chief, B&G. The second is whether, assuming that plaintiff was appointed, he is entitled to noncompetitive promotion to the now-upgraded position. As we uphold the Civil Service Commission Board of Appeals and Review (BAR) finding that plaintiff was never appointed, we grant defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint without reaching the second issue.

The facts of this case involve a series of appointments, assignments, and detailings at the conclusion of which plaintiff believed himself to be improperly demoted. Plaintiff is a Civil Service employee of the Department of the Army. In 1969, plaintiff, a GS-13 appointed as Deputy Chief, Repair and Utilities (R&U) Division, was officially detailed to the position of Acting Chief, B&G Division, for a period not to exceed 120 days. Shortly thereafter, he was recommended for appointment to the position of Chief, B&G Division, by the Director of the Facilities Engineering Directorate. However, this recommendation was never acted upon by the Civilian Personnel Officer (CPO). Notwithstanding the lack of action, plaintiff served as Acting Chief from September 1969 to February 1912.

*97While plaintiff was in the position of Acting Chief, the Chief’s position was upgraded in 1970 from GS-13 to GS-14 as part of a review of all B&G personnel. The position description remained the same. After the upgrading, a competitive selection process was initiated to fill the position of Chief, B&G Division. Plaintiff’s name was on the list of candidates, but he was not selected. He was redetailed to the position of Deputy Chief, B&G Division (GS-13) in February 1972 after another candidate was appointed to the position of Chief.

Following an intervening assignment not pertinent to this case, plaintiff was officially reassigned from his appointment as Deputy Chief, B&U Division, and appointed Supervisory Civilian Engineer, Assistant Chief, B&G Division (GS-13).

Plaintiff filed a timely appeal of this reassignment, arguing that he had suffered a reduction-in-rahk based on his alleged service as Chief, B&G Division, a position which was upgraded to GS-14 level during his tenure as Acting Chief. The Appeals Examining Officer (AEO) agreed. The agency appealed, and the BAB reversed the AEO’s decision on the ground that plaintiff was never appointed to the position of Chief, merely detailed as Acting Chief. The BAB did not reach the question of whether plaintiff was entitled to a noncompetitive promotion when the job was upgraded. Plaintiff then filed suit in this court.

Plaintiff argues that he was properly assigned to the position of Chief, B&G Division, and reasons from this point that the BAB’s decision was arbitrary and capricious, that he was improperly removed from the position as Chief, that he is entitled to a noncompetitive promotion, and that his reassignment in December 1972 was a reduction-in-rahk.

Defendant counters by stating that plaintiff was never appointed to the position of Chief, B&G Division. As plaintiff was never officially appointed, the decision of the BAB is not arbitrary and capricious. Defendant then contends, arguendo, that even if plaintiff was appointed Chief, B&G Division, he was not entitled to a noncompetitive promotion to GS-14 when the position was upgraded.

At issue is whether plaintiff can claim a valid appointment to the position of Chief, B&G Division, absent the CPO’s *98execution of form 52,1 officially appointing plaintiff to the position. As we hold, under the facts of this case, execution of the form is the sine qua non to plaintiff’s appointment, we agree with defendant’s position and dismiss the complaint without reaching the noncompetitive promotion issue.

It is settled law that a Government employee is entitled only to the rights and salary of the position to which he has been appointed by one having the proper authority to do so. Peters v. United States, 208 Ct. Cl. 373, 377, 534 F. 2d 232, 234 (1975); Desmond v. United States, 201 Ct. Cl. 507, 525-26 (1973); Coleman v. United States, 100 Ct. Cl. 41, 43 (1943); Jackson v. United States, 42 Ct. Cl. 39, 41-42 (1906). In this case, the person with the authority to appoint was the CPO at Frankfurt.2 Yet the CPO never acted on repeated requests from plaintiff’s Director that the form 52 be executed appointing plaintiff to the position of Chief.

Plaintiff cannot expect the court to draw the positive action of appointment from the CPO’s inaction, although this is the position plaintiff appears to take. First, it is difficult to believe that if the CPO wanted plaintiff appointed, he would have failed to sign the form 52 in the face of repeated requests by the recommending officer. Second, even if the facts were not so clearly against plaintiff,3 it has long been the law that an appointment is not made until the last act required by the person or body vested with the appointment power is performed. Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch (5 U.S.) 137 (1803); D'Arco v. United States, 194 Ct. Cl. 811, 816, 441 F. *992d 1113, 1175 (1971); Gorman v. United States, 102 Ct. Cl. 260, 270 (1944). Here the final act required was the signature of the CPO on the form. The CPO never signed, so ¡plaintiff was never appointed.

To infer appointment under these facts could easily bring about chaos in government personnel management. Appointments could take effect automatically, even upon the knowing failure of an appointing official to act. The result would be that the person with the power to recommend would also obtain the power to appoint in direct contradiction of official regulations.

Further, the fact that plaintiff remained in the detailed position longer than 120 days does not evidence tacit approval of a permanent appointment. As this court said in Peters, supra, having accepted the benefit of the detail, plaintiff is now estopped from attacking its legality. 208 Ct. Cl. at 378, 534 F. 2d at 235; Steuer v. United States, 207 Ct. Cl. 282 (1975).

In conclusion, upon examination of the facts of this case, and for reasons enumerated above, we cannot say that the BAN decision violated any applicable statutes or regulations, or that the BAN acted arbitrarily or capriciously in overturning the AEO’s decision. Bather, we find the BAB decision persuasive.

Accordingly, plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment is denied, defendant’s cross-motion for summary judgment is granted, and the petition is dismissed.