United States Court of International Trade, 2019

Eregli Demir ve Celik Fabrikalari T.A.S. v. United States

Eregli Demir ve Celik Fabrikalari T.A.S. v. United States
United States Court of International Trade · Decided October 29, 2019 · Barnett
2019 CIT 135
Eregli Demir ve Celik Fabrikalari T.A.S. v. United States

Opinion

Slip Op. 19-135 UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

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3Erdemir I and Erdemir II SUHVHQWDGGLWLRQDOEDFNJURXQGRQWKLVFDVHIDPLOLDULW\ZLWK ZKLFKLVSUHVXPHG &RQVRO&RXUW1R 16-00218 3DJH

5HGHWHUPLQDWLRQ ³*RY¶W¶V5HSO\&PWV´ (&)1R38 'HI-,QWV¶&RPPHQWVLQ6XSS RI2nd 5HPDQG5HVXOWV ³'HI-,QWV¶5HSO\&PWV´ (&)1R39.  7KHFRXUW UHFHQWO\ UHPDQGHG &RPPHUFH¶VGHFLVLRQWRPDNHD&26 DGMXVWPHQW WRQRUPDOYDOXHLQWKHVDPHDPRXQW DVWKHGXW\GUDZEDFNDGMXVWPHQWWR86SULFH See generally +DEDú6LQDLYe 7LEEL*D]ODU,VWLKVDO(QGVWULVL$ùY8QLWHG6WDWHV, Slip Op. 19-130,  :/ &,72FW  . )RU WKHUHDVRQVGLVFXVVHGLQ +DEDúand KHUHLQWKHFRXUWVXVWDLQV&RPPHUFH¶VGXW\GUDZEDFNDGMXVWPHQWDVDSSOLHG WRH[SRUWSULFHDQGUHPDQGV&RPPHUFH¶VGHFLVLRQWRPDNHD&26 DGMXVWPHQW LQWKH VDPHDPRXQW JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW 7KHFRXUWKDVMXULVGLFWLRQ SXUVXDQWWR†$ D  % L RIWKH7DULII $FWRI  DVDPHQGHG 86&†D D  % L     DQG86&† F  7KH FRXUWZLOOXSKROGDQDJHQF\GHWHUPLQDWLRQWKDWLVVXSSRUWHGE\VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFHDQG RWKHUZLVHLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKODZ  86&†D E  % L ³7KH UHVXOWVRID UHGHWHUPLQDWLRQSXUVXDQWWRFRXUWUHPDQGDUHDOVRUHYLHZHGIRUFRPSOLDQFH ZLWKWKH FRXUW¶VUHPDQGRUGHU´SolarWorld Ams., Inc. v. United States&,7BB_, ___, )6XSSG   FLWDWLRQDQGLQWHUQDOTXRWDWLRQPDUNVRPLWWHd 

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DISCUSSION I. Duty Drawback and Circumstance of Sale Adjustments A. Commerce’s Duty Drawback Calculation Methodologies Prior to Erdemir II 7RGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKHVXEMHFWPHUFKDQGLVHLVEHLQJVROGDWOHVVWKDQIDLU YDOXH&RPPHUFHFRPSDUHVWKHH[SRUWSULFH RUFRQVWUXFWHGH[SRUWSULFH 6 RIWKHVXEMHFW PHUFKDQGLVHWRLWVQRUPDOYDOXHSee generally  86&†† et seq. *HQHUDOO\ DQDQWLGXPSLQJGXW\LVWKHDPRXQWE\ZKLFKWKHQRUPDOYDOXHRIDSURGXFW—W\SLFDOO\LWV SULFHLQWKHH[SRUWLQJFRXQWU\—H[FHHGVH[SRUWSULFH, DVDGMXVWHG See id†2QH RIWKHDGMXVWPHQWV&RPPHUFHPDNHVWRH[SRUW SULFHSXUVXDQWWR 86&†D F  LVNQRZQDVWKH³GXW\GUDZEDFNDGMXVWPHQW´ 6SHFLILFDOO\&RPPHUFHLVWRLQFUHDVH H[SRUWSULFH E\³WKHDPRXQWRIDQ\ LPSRUWGXWLHVLPSRVHGE\WKHFRXQWU\RIH[SRUWDWLRQ ZKLFKKDYHEHHQUHEDWHGRUZKLFKKDYHQRWEHHQFROOHFWHGE\UHDVRQRIWKH H[SRUWDWLRQRIWKHVXEMHFWPHUFKDQGLVHWRWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV´Id. † D F  % 7KLV VWDWXWRU\DGMXVWPHQWLVLQWHQGHGWRSUHYHQWWKHGXPSLQJPDUJLQIURPEHLQJLQFUHDVHG E\ LPSRUWWD[HVWKDWDUHLPSRVHGRQ LQSXWV XVHGWRSURGXFHVXEMHFWPHUFKDQGLVHLIWKRVH LPSRUWWD[HVDUHUHEDWHGRUH[HPSWHGIURPSD\PHQWZKHQWKHVXEMHFWPHUFKDQGLVHLV H[SRUWHGWRWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVSee Saha Thai Steel Pipe (Public) Co. Ltd. v. United States)G )HG&LU Wheatland Tube Co. v. United States, 30

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&,7) 6XSS G   rev’d on other grounds,  )G )HG&LU 7KHDGMXVWPHQWDFFRXQWVIRUWKHIDFWWKDWLPSRUWHGLQSXWVUHPDLQ VXEMHFWWRWKHLPSRUWGXWLHVZKHQFRQVXPHGLQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIWKHIRUHLJQOLNHSURGXFW ³ZKLFKLQFUHDVHVKRPHPDUNHWVDOHVSULFHVDQGWKHUHE\LQFUHDVHV>QRUPDOYDOXH@´ Saha Thai, )Gat 1338.

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DGMXVWPHQWWRFRVWRISURGXFWLRQ ,Q&RPPHUFHPRGLILHGLWVGXW\GUDZEDFN DGMXVWPHQW³E\DOORFDWLQJH[HPSWHGGXWLHVRYHUWRWDOSURGXFWLRQUDWKHUWKDQH[SRUWV´ Erdemir II, )6XSSGDW–31&RPPHUFHDGMXVWHGLWVPHWKRGRORJ\LQ UHVSRQVHWRDVVHUWLRQVWKDWPDUJLQGLVWRUWLRQVDURVHZKHQIRUHLJQSURGXFHUV³XVH>G@ IXQJLEOHLQSXWVERWKIURPIRUHLJQVRXUFHVZKLFKLQFXU>UHG@ LPSRUWGXWLHVDQGGRPHVWLF VRXUFHVZKLFK[did] QRW´Id. at 1331 &RPPHUFHUHDVRQHGWKDW³WKHODUJHUGHQRPLQDWRU RQWKHFRVW-VLGH>LHWRWDOSURGXFWLRQ@UHVXOWHGLQDVPDOOHUDGMXVWPHQWWRQRUPDOYDOXH WKDQ86SULFH´ FRQVHTXHQWO\LWGHWHUPLQHGWKDW³HTXDOL]LQJWKHGHQRPLQDWRUVXVHGLQ HDFKDGMXVWPHQW´HQVXUHGWKDWDQHTXDODPRXQWZRXOGEHDGGHGWR86SULFHDQG QRUPDOYDOXHDQGWKHDJHQF\ZRXOGFRPSDUHWKHWZRYDOXHVRQD³GXW\QHXWUDO´EDVLV Id. at 1331.

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Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.