Glass City Bank v. United States
Glass City Bank v. United States
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the Court.
In 1941 the petitioner bank obtained a judgment in a Pennsylvania State Court against one Erank A. Maddas, for about $19,000.00. The United States had unpaid, judicially established, income tax claims against Maddas for the years 1920, 1921, and 1922,
By § 3670, 26 U. S. C., Congress impressed a lien upon “all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging” to a tax delinquent. Stronger language could hardly have been selected to reveal a purpose to assure the collection of taxes. Not content with this language, however, Congress also provided that the lien should “continue until the liability for such amount is satisfied or becomes unenforceable by reason of lapse of time.” 26 U. S. C., § 3671. These two sections read together indicate that a continuing lien covers property or rights to property in the delinquent’s hands at any time prior to expiration. This is confirmed by § 3678, which provides that “whether distraint proceedings have been commenced or not,” action to enforce the lien may be instituted against “any property and rights to property, whether real or personal, or to subject any such property and rights to property owned by the delinquent, or in which he has any right, title, or interest, to the payment of such tax.” (Italics supplied.) For here is a plain intent to subject to the lien “property owned by the delinquent” when suit is filed, rather than only that owned when the lien arose. Indeed, the meaning of these sections is so plain as to render superfluous a detailed discussion of the legislative history which is consistent with our interpretation.
Furthermore the agencies administering the statute have construed it in the same way. Thus, in 1928 Gen
The bank’s arguments on behalf of a statutory construction supporting its claims are without merit. We are told that to increase unduly the scope of the government’s lien is unwise. But most of the objections raised would apply not merely to liens that cover after-acquired property, but also with equal force to most other types of liens. At any rate the wisdom of legislation is a question for Congress. We are further told that the tax lien cannot attach to Maddas’ claim because the law of Pennsylvania, where this obligation arose, does not treat “future earning capacity” as “property or rights to property.” But the question of whether the tax lien covers future earning capacity is not before us. For the government here seeks to reach an already existing, obligation for services rendered, which clearly falls within the statutory language. Cf. Matter of Rosenberg, 269 N. Y. 247, 199 N. E. 206. Moreover, the Congressional meaning is not to be determined by resorting to the local law of Pennsylvania. United States v. Snyder, 149 U. S. 210; Helvering v. Stuart, 317 U. S. 154, 161-162.
Our conclusion is that the lien applies to property owned by the delinquent at any time during the life of the lien.
Affirmed.
There is also a claim for 1936 taxes which raises different questions that need not be considered here.
“Sec. 3670. Property Subject to Lien.
“If any person liable to pay any tax neglects or refuses to pay the same after demand, the amount (including any interest, penalty, additional amount, or addition to such tax, together with any costs that may accrue in addition thereto) shall be a lien in favor of the United States upon all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging to such person.
“See. 3671. Period of Lien.
“Unless another date is specifically fixed by law, the lien shall arise at the time the assessment list was received by the collector and shall continue until the liability for such amount is satisfied or becomes unenforceable by reason of lapse of time.”
Section 3672 provides that the lien shall not be valid against any mortgagee, pledgee, purchaser, or judgment creditor until notice is filed in an office designated by State law or in the office of the clerk of the United States District Court. Here such notice was duly filed.
The District Court acquired jurisdiction because the indebtedness to Maddas was due from the trustee. The procedure by which that jurisdiction was acquired is sufficiently set forth in the opinions below and need not be repeated here. 54 F. Supp. 11; 146 F. 2d 831.
14 Stat. 98, 107; 15 Stat. 125, 167; 37 Stat. 1016; 45 Stat. 791, 875.
Citizens National Bank v. United States, 135 F. 2d 527 (C. C. A. 9); Nelson v. United States, 139 F. 2d 162 (C. C. A. 9); Investment & Securities Co. v. United States, 140 F. 2d 894 (C. C. A. 9); United States v. Worley, 64 F. Supp. 271 (S. D. Ind.); Minnesota Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. United States, 47 F. 2d 942, 944 (N. D. Tex.). See also United States v. Warren R. Co., 127 F. 2d 134; Matter of Rosenberg, supra.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I am unable to find in the applicable statutes the clear expression of Congressional intent which I think is required to extend the tax lien to after-acquired property. Under § 3670 the lien is imposed as to taxpayers delinquent after demand “upon all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging to such person.” By § 3671 the lien arises, unless another date is specifically fixed by law, “at the time the assessment list was received by the collector” and continues “until the liability for such amount is satisfied or becomes unenforceable by reason of lapse of time.” Nothing in these sections gives any indication that Congress intended the lien to reach after-acquired property. The language used, whether in § 3670 or in § 3671, is fully satisfied if the lien is held to attach to property belonging to the taxpayer as of the time the lien arises.
Nor is such an intent supplied by use of the present tense of the verb “has” in the final clause of § 3678 (a).
1 find nothing in the legislative history which discloses any intention, more clearly than the words of the statute themselves, to include after-acquired property within the coverage of the lien. In the absence of clearer statutory foundation, the comparatively recent administrative con
Accordingly I would reverse the judgment and remand the cause to the Circuit Court of Appeals for the consideration and disposition of the issues presented to but not determined by it in view of its disposition upon the matters now determined here.
Although by §3671 the lien “arises” as of the time the assessment list is received by the collector, it relates back to the time of notice and demand, § 3670, as against the taxpayer, though by virtue
“Sec. 3678. Civil Action to Enforce Lien on Property.
“(a) Filing. — In any case where there has been a refusal or neglect to pay any tax, and it has become necessary to seize and sell property and rights to property, whether real or personal, to satisfy the same, whether distraint proceedings have been commenced or not, the Attorney General at the request of the Commissioner may direct a civil action to be filed, in a district court of the United States, to enforce the lien of the United States for tax upon any property and rights to property, whether real or personal, or to subject any such property and rights to property owned by the delinquent, or in which he has any right, title, or interest, to the payment of such tax.” (Emphasis added.)
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