Grady Whitlock Leasing Corp. v. Commissioner

MEMORANDUM OPINION *483

TANNENWALD, Judge: Respondent determined deficiencies in petitioner's Federal income taxes of $ 9,300.52 for 1991 and $ 10,887.87 for 1992. The issues for decision are whether respondent properly disallowed (1) a loss of $ 3,325 on a sale to a related entity; (2) deductions for life insurance premiums for a policy on petitioner's principal shareholder; (3) deductions for accrued tax expenses where petitioner otherwise uses the cash method of reporting.

Background

This case was submitted*484 fully stipulated under Rule 122. ¹ The stipulation of facts is incorporated herein and found accordingly.

Petitioner is a corporation with its principal office, at the time of the filing of its petition, in Beckley, West Virginia. It filed its 1991 and 1992 income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service, Cincinnati, Ohio, Service Center.

The sole shareholder of petitioner is also the sole shareholder of Whitlock Realty, Incorporated (Realty). During the 1991 taxable year, petitioner sold a motor home to Realty for $ 13,675.34. The original cost of the motor home was $ 17,000. On its 1991 tax return, petitioner deducted the $ 3,325 difference.

During the taxable years 1991 and 1992, petitioner maintained insurance on the life of its principal officer and shareholder in order to obtain financing for the purchase*485 of automobiles. Petitioner paid premiums of $ 16,005 for 1991 and $ 21,340 for 1992. Petitioner was also the beneficiary of the policy. During the years at issue, petitioner received no payments from the insurance policy. Petitioner deducted the amounts of the premiums paid as insurance expense.

During the taxable years 1991 and 1992, petitioner leased automobiles through long-term contracts and reported the income therefrom as rental income. Petitioner used the cash receipts and disbursements method to report most of its rental activity. However, for the years at issue as well as prior years, petitioner used the accrual method to report its tax expenses related to its automobile rental activity. The tax payments in question were not made until the year following the taxable year to which they would relate under an accrual accounting system. Petitioner's accrued tax expenses for 1991 were $ 25,335.44 and for 1992 were $ 34,305.96.

Discussion

Petitioner bears the burden of proving that respondent's determinations are incorrect. Rule 142(a); Welch v. Helvering, 290 U.S. 111, 114 (1933). This burden is not lessened in a fully stipulated case. Borchers v. Commissioner, 95 T.C. 82, 91 (1990),*486 affd. 943 F.2d 22 (8th Cir. 1991). We deal with the issues in turn.

Related Entity Loss

Section 267(a)(1) provides:

No deduction shall be allowed in respect of any loss from the sale or exchange of property, directly or indirectly, between persons specified in any of the paragraphs of subsection (b). * * *Section 267(b)(3) specifies as persons for whom a loss will be disallowed:

Two corporations which are members of the same controlled group (as defined in subsection (f));Section 267(f)(1) incorporates the provisions of section 1563(a), which defines a controlled group as a group of corporations, each owned more than 50 percent, in voting power or value, by a common parent corporation, or five or fewer individuals. In this case, the same individual owned 100 percent of both petitioner and Realty, and thus petitioner and Realty were members of a controlled group. Sec. 267(b)(3), (f)(1). The $ 3,325 loss arose from a sale or exchange of property. The plain language of the statute does not allow petitioner's loss. Petitioner's argument that there is no evidence of collusion on the sale is simply irrelevant.

Insurance Premiums

*487 Section 264(a)(1) provides that no deduction shall be allowed for:

Premiums paid on any life insurance policy covering the life of any officer or employee, or of any person financially interested in any trade or business carried on by the taxpayer, when the taxpayer is directly or indirectly a beneficiary under such policy.

Here, the insurance policy covered the life of the principal officer and shareholder of petitioner. Since petitioner was the beneficiary of the policy, the payment of the premiums may not be deducted, regardless of whether they would otherwise be deductible as a business expense. Carbine v. Commissioner, 83 T.C. 356, 367-368 (1984) (and cases cited thereat), affd. 777 F.2d 662 (11th Cir. 1985). The fact that the insurance was required in connection with the financing of petitioner's business does not warrant a different conclusion. Rodney v. Commissioner, 53 T.C. 287, 318-319 (1969). We sustain respondent on this issue.

Accrued Taxes

Petitioner used the cash receipts and disbursements method to report the income from its long-term rental of automobiles but*488 deducted tax expenses related to that rental activity on the accrual method. The tax payments in question were not made until the year following the taxable year to which they would relate under an accrual accounting system. Under section 446(c), a taxpayer may use the cash receipts and disbursements method, the accrual method, any other method permitted by the statute, or "any combination of the foregoing methods permitted under regulations prescribed by the Secretary." Sec. 446(c)(4) (emphasis added).

Under section 1.446-1(c)(1)(i), Income Tax Regs., for taxpayers using the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting:

Expenditures are to be deducted for the taxable year in which actually made. * * *Section 1.446-1(c)(1)(iv)(a), Income Tax Regs., further provides that, while combinations of methods that clearly reflect income and are consistently used will be permitted, nonetheless,

a taxpayer who uses the cash method of accounting in computing gross income from his trade or business shall use the cash method in computing expenses of such trade or business. * * *Thus, it is clear that petitioner may not deduct certain expenses using the accrual*489 method when its primary method for reporting income is the cash method. Miele v. Commissioner, 72 T.C. 284, 291 (1979); Connors, Inc. v. Commissioner, 71 T.C. 913, 916-917 (1979). The fact that petitioner has used this combination of cash and accrual accounting in the past is of no consequence. A consistent application of an improper method or combination will not ratify petitioner's mistake nor prevent respondent's correction of it. Miele v. Commissioner, supra at 291.

To reflect the foregoing,

Decision will be entered for respondent.