Green v. Comm'r

*302 OPINION

THORNTON, Judge: This matter is before us on petitioner's motion for review of jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy under section 7429, filed November 19, 2003, pursuant to Rule 56. ¹ On November 26, 2003, respondent filed a response in opposition to petitioner's motion requesting that we dismiss petitioners' motion as untimely.

             Background

On August 10, 2001, respondent issued to petitioner a notice of deficiency for petitioner's 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 taxable years. On January 2, 2002, petitioner filed a petition (docket No. 178-02) with respect to the deficiencies for those taxable years. *41 ² On May 2, 2003, jeopardy assessments of deficiencies were made against petitioner for taxable years 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999, as follows:

*42 On May 2, 2003, respondent issued to petitioner a Notice of Jeopardy Levy and Right of Appeal determining that collection of petitioner's Federal income taxes for taxable years 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 was in jeopardy and that issuance of a levy to collect those taxes was appropriate. ³

*303 On May 20, 2003, petitioner requested relief from the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy. On July 16, 2003, the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals*43 held an administrative hearing under section 7429. On July 17, 2003, the Appeals officer handling petitioner's case faxed a letter to petitioner's attorney advising him that petitioner's "case will close out on July 21, sustaining the jeopardy assessment and advising * * * [petitioner's attorney] that he [petitioner] has judicial review rights that should be exercised BEFORE Sept. 4, 2003." The facsimile indicates that a portion of the jeopardy assessment amount would be abated. The facsimile also states:

   Upon closing of the case you will receive a closing letter

   advising you of your judicial rights under IRC section 7429. Under

   this rule you must file for judicial review . . . 'within 90

   days after the earlier of (1) the day the Service notifies you

   of its decision on your protest, or (2) the 16th day after your

   protest. ' In this case, the '16th day after your

   protest' date is June 6, 2003. Ninety days from this 16th day is

   September 4, 2003. Therefore, your request for judicial review

   to the District Court or to the Tax court [sic] should be filed

   BEFORE September 4, 2003.

*44 On August 25, 2003, respondent sent a final closing letter sustaining the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy collection actions. The final closing letter was sent to the wrong P.O. Box address and ZIP Code, and it appears that petitioner did not receive the final closing letter until some time after September 3, 2003. ⁴ On September 19, 2003, the Appeals officer apologized to petitioner for the late receipt of the final closing letter and encouraged petitioner to request the Tax Court "to dispense with the 90 day rule in this situation."

*45              Discussion

Section 6861(a) provides in pertinent part that if the Secretary believes that the assessment or collection of a deficiency as defined in section 6211 will be jeopardized by delay, he shall, notwithstanding section 6213(a), immediately assess*304 such deficiency and make notice and demand for the payment thereof. ⁵ Within 5 days after the date an assessment is made under section 6861 or levy is made under section 6331(a), the Commissioner must provide the taxpayer with a written statement of the information the Commissioner is relying on in making the assessment or levy. Sec. 7429(a)(1); McWilliams v. Commissioner, 103 T.C. 416, 421 (1994). Within 30 days after the day on which the taxpayer is furnished this written statement, or within 30 days after the last day of the period within which such statement is required to be furnished, the taxpayer may request the Commissioner to review the action taken. Sec. 7429(a)(2). After a request for review is made, the Commissioner shall determine whether the jeopardy assessment or jeopardy levy is reasonable under the circumstances and whether the amount assessed is appropriate. *46 Sec. 7429(a)(3).

Section 7429(b) provides for judicial review of a jeopardy assessment or jeopardy levy. Typically a Federal District Court reviews the jeopardy assessment or jeopardy levy; however, in certain circumstances, the Tax Court is authorized to review the reasonableness of a jeopardy assessment or jeopardy levy, as well as the propriety of the amount of a jeopardy assessment. ⁶Sec. 7429(b)(2) and (3). Our authority to review jeopardy assessments under section 7429(b)(2)(B) is limited to a jeopardy assessment or jeopardy levy made subsequent to the filing of a petition for redetermination under section 6213(a) and respecting one or more of the same taxes and taxable periods disputed in such petition. See Friko Corp. v. Commissioner, 307 U.S. App. D.C. 75, 26 F.3d 1139, 1140-1141 (D. C. Cir. 1994). This requirement*47 is met since petitioner's petition for redetermination in docket No. 178-02 was filed before the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy. ⁷

*48 *305 The provisions for judicial review are designed to provide "expedited" review of a jeopardy assessment or jeopardy levy. See, e.g., H. Rept. 94-658 at 302-303 (1975), 1976-3 C.B. (Vol. 2) 994-995; S. Rept. 94-938 at 362-364 (1976), 1976-3 C.B. (Vol. 3) 400- 402; see also Hiley v. United States, 807 F.2d 623, 626 (7th Cir. 1986); Zuluaga v. United States, 774 F.2d 1487, 1489 (9th Cir. 1985); Williams v. United States, 704 F.2d 1222, 1225 (11th Cir. 1983). To that end, section 7429(b)(1) provides:

     SEC. 7429(b)(1) Proceedings permitted. Within 90 days after

   the earlier of --

         (A) the day the Secretary notifies the taxpayer of the

     Secretary's determination described in subsection (a)(3),



     or



        (B) the 16th day after the request described in



     subsection (a)(2) was made,

   the taxpayer may bring a civil action against the United States

   for a determination under this subsection in the court with

   jurisdiction determined under paragraph (2).

The timeliness provisions in section*49 7429(b)(1) have been construed as mandatory on the part of the taxpayer; a court considering a case under section 7429 lacks subject matter jurisdiction if the taxpayer has failed to comply with the procedural requirements in the statute. See Fernandez v. United States, 704 F.2d 592 (11th Cir. 1983); Wapnick v. United States, 79 AFTR 2d 2515 (E. D. N. Y. 1996), affd. 112 F.3d 74 (2d Cir. 1997); Friko Corp. v. United States, 71A AFTR 2d 4211 (D. D. C. 1991); Hoffman v. United States, 64 AFTR 2d 5398 (D. Minn. 1989); Resnick v. United States, 55 AFTR2d 1494 (D. Minn. 1985); Freistak v. Egger, 551 F. Supp. 238 (M. D. Pa. 1982); Bryant v. United States, 47 AFTR 2d 81-1045, 81-1 USTC par. 9,296 (M. D. Tenn. 1981); Machado v. United States, 45 AFTR 2d 1483 (S. D. N. Y. 1980); Zakem v. United States, 42 AFTR 2d 5320, 78-2 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) 9,584 (W. D. Wis. 1978). Since the requirements of section 7429(b)(1) are jurisdictional, those requirements cannot be waived*50 by the Commissioner or this Court. See Konieczwy v. Commissioner, 54 AFTR 2d 5443 (N. D. Tex. 1984). It is well established that a court may proceed in a case only *306 if it has jurisdiction and that the question of jurisdiction may be raised at any time, whether by the parties or this Court sua sponte. See Charlotte's Office Boutique, Inc. v. Commissioner, 121 T.C. 89, 2003 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 25, 121 T.C. 89, 102 (2003); Neely v. Commissioner, 115 T.C. 287, 290 (2000).

Section 7429(b)(1) expressly provides that the proceeding for judicial review in the Tax Court or the District Court, as the case may be, must be commenced within 90 days after the earlier of the day that the Commissioner notifies the taxpayer of the Commissioner's determination under section 7429(a)(3) or the 16th day after the request for review under section 7429(a)(2) was made. See sec. 301.7429-3(a), Proced. & Admin. Regs. For purposes of section 7429(b)(1), petitioner made his timely request for administrative review under section 7429(a)(2) on May 20, 2003. The 16th day after petitioner's request was made was June 5, 2003. Respondent did not notify petitioner of his determination under section*51 7429(a)(3) until some date following July 16, 2003. ⁸ Consequently, the earlier of the two dates was June 5, 2003, and this date is the date for measuring the Tax Court filing deadline for purposes of section 7429(b)(1). Ninety days after June 5, 2003, was September 3, 2003. To meet the requirements for judicial review under section 7429(b)(1), petitioner was required to commence his civil action in this Court before September 4, 2003. We did not receive petitioner's motion for review of the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy until November 19, 2003. Accordingly, we hold that petitioner's motion was untimely, and, therefore, we do not have jurisdiction to review the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy. ⁹ See Rule 56 (stating that "Review of a jeopardy assessment *307 or a jeopardy levy under Code section 7429(b) shall be commenced by filing a motion with the Court.").

*52 We do not interpret section 7429(b)(1) to allow for the filing of a civil action 90 days from the date of respondent's administrative determination in this case. We interpret section 7429(b)(1), instead, in the same manner as the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, which has held on this same point:

     Alternatively, Fernandez argues that the provisions of

   section 7429(b)(1) are permissive and not mandatory. The

   language of the statute itself negates such an interpretation.

   To adopt Fernandez's argument would mean that Congress intended

   that the taxpayer in every case would have thirty days [90 days

   under the current statute] following the administrative

   determination by the Secretary. If Congress had so intended it

   would have omitted the word 'earlier' from the statute and

   replaced it with the word 'either.' The objective of

   the statute is to provide expedited review. S. Rep. No. 938

   (Part I) 94th Cong. 2d Sess. 364 (1976), reprinted in

   1976 U.S. Code Cong. & Ad. News 3793. If we were to accept the

   rationale of Fernandez's argument, the objective of expedience

*53    would be defeated. We therefore affirm the decision of the

   district court dismissing the action as time barred.

   [Fernandez v. United States, 704 F.2d 592, 593(11th Cir.

   1983).]

Thus, regardless of whether the administrative proceedings were still ongoing after the 16th day following petitioner's request under section 7429(a)(2), and whether the determination in those proceedings was properly mailed to petitioner's last known address, petitioner still was required under section 7429(b)(1) to timely request judicial review in this Court. Petitioner failed to make a timely request.¹⁰ See Freistak v. Egger, 551 F. Supp. 238, 242 (M. D. Pa. 1982) (stating that "Nothing in the statute requires that an administrative decision be made before it is incumbent upon one to seek judicial review."). Further, we do not find that petitioner was overtly prejudiced by the extended administrative period or by any actions of respondent's Appeals officer. Indeed, in the July *308 17, 2003, facsimile, the Appeals officer informed petitioner's attorney that any request for judicial review of the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy had to be received*54 by the appropriate court before September 4, 2003.

*55

We hold that we do not have jurisdiction to review the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy in this case. Petitioner's motion to review the jeopardy assessment and jeopardy levy therefore will be denied.

An appropriate order will be issued.