Howard v. United States

OR%lNAL In the United States Court of Federal Claims No. l6-1302C F|LED Filed October 17, 2016

NOT FOR PUBLICATION UCT 1 7 2016 l U.s. couat or= MILLIE HOWARD, ) FEDEF{AL CLA!N|S ) Plaintiff, ) ) Pro Se; Rule 12(h)(3), Subject-Matter v. ) Jurisdiction. ) TI-IE UNITED STATES, ) ) Defendant. ) )

Millie Howard, NeW Richmond, OH, plaintiff pro se.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER GRIGGSBY, Judge I. INTRODUCTION Plaintiffpro se, Millie Howard, brought this action challenging the decision of the United States District Court for the Southem District of Ohio to dismiss her claim for retirement benefits under the Railroad Retirement Act, 45 U.S.C. § 231, et seq. See generally Compl. For the reasons set forth below, the Court DISMISSES plaintiff s claim for lacl< of subject-matter jurisdiction, pursuant to Rule l2(h)(3) of the Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”).

II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND] A. Factual And Procedural Background Plaintiffpr'o se, Millie Howard, commenced this action on October 6, 2016, challenging the decision of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio to dismiss her claim

l The facts recited in this Memorandum Opinion and Order are taken from plaintiffs complaint (“Compl.”); plaintiff’s complaint before the United States District Coul't for the Southel'n District of Ohio (“Complaint, Howard v. Unitea' States R.R. Refire)r?ent Board, No. 15-679 (S.D. Ohio Oct. 19, 2015)”); and the Opinion and Order issued by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, dated September 15, 2016 (“Opinion and Order, Howard v. Unilea' States R.R. Retirenrent Boam', No. l5-679 (S.D. Ohio Sept. lS, 2016)”). for retirement benefits under the Railroad Retirement Act. See generally Compl. In the complaint, plaintiff alleges that she is entitled to receive a Widow annuity under the Railroad Retirement Act, due to her deceased husband’s employment With the Norfolk Southern Railroad. Id. at l. Plaintiff further alleges that the United States Railroad Retirement Board (“USRRB”) improperly denied her claim for these benefits and that she Was “fraudulently transferred to the Social Security Administration.” ld.

Prior to commencing this action, plaintiff filed litigation in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio challenging the USRRB’s decision to deny her benefits Complaint, Howard v. United States R.R. Relz`remenr Boara', No, 15-679 (S.D. Ohio Oct. 19, 2015).

The district court dismissed plaintiffs claim on September 15, 2016. Opinion and Order, Hon)ard v. United Srates R.R. Retiremenf Boam', No. 15-679 (S.D. Ohio Sept. 15, 2016). ln addition, the district court denied plaintiff s motion to transfer the case to this Court on September 15, 2016. ]d. ln this litigation, plaintiff seeks a review of the district court’s decisions to dismiss her claim and to deny her motion to transfer. Compl. at 2. Plaintiff also requests that the Court appoint a special prosecutor “to examine the merits, the record, documentary evidence, and applicable statutory law and render a decision.” Ia’.

III. STANDARDS OF REVIEW A. Pr'o Se Litigants Plaintiff is proceeding in this matter pro se, Without the benefit of counsel And so, the Court applies the pleadings requirements leniently. Berz`ont v. GTE Labs., Inc., 535 F. App’x 919, 925~26 n.2 (Fed. Cir. 2013) (citing McZeal v. Sprz`nl Nexrel Corp., 501 F.3d 1354, 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2007)). When determining Whether a complaint filed by a pro se plaintiff is sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss, this Court affords more leeway under the rules to pro se plaintiffs than plaintiffs Who are represented by counsel. See Haines v. Keme)', 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (holding that pro se complaints, “however inartfully pleaded,” are held to “less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers”); Matthews v. Um`ted States, 750 F.3d 1320, 1322 (Fed. Cir. 2014).

But, there “is no duty on the part of the trial court to create a claim Which [the plaintiff| has not spelled out in his pleadings.” Lengen v. Um`fed Srares, lOO Fed. Cl. 317, 328 (2011) (bracl<ets existing; internal quotation omitted).

While “a pro se plaintiff is held to a less stringent standard than that of a plaintiff represented by an attorney, . . . the pro Se plaintiff, nevertheless, bears the burden of establishing the Court’s jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence.” Rl`les v. United Sfares, 93 Fed. Cl. 163, l65 (2010) (citing Taylor v. United Sfates, 303 F.3d 1357, 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2002)). And so, the Court may excuse ambiguities, but not defects, in the complaint Coll)ert v. United Slates, No. 2014-5029, 20l5 WL 2343578, at *l (Fed. Cir. May 18, 2015); see also Demes v. UnitedSml'es, 52 Fed. Cl. 365, 368 (2002) (“[T]he leniency afforded pro se litigants with respect to mere formalities does not relieve them of jurisdictional requirements.”)

B. The Tucker Act And RCFC 12(h)(3) The United States Court of Federal Claims is a court of limited jurisdiction and “possess[esj only that power authorized by Constitution and statute . . .” Koklcorzen v. Guarclian Life lns. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). The Tucker Act grants the Court jurisdiction over: [A]ny claim against the United States founded either upon the Constitution, or any Act of Congress or any regulation of an executive department, or upon any express or implied contract vvith the United States, or for liquidated or unliquidated damages in cases not sounding in tort.

28 U.S.C. § l49l(a)(l). The Tucker Act, however, is a “jurisdictional statute; it does not create any substantive right enforceable against the United States for money damages . . . . [T]he Act merely confers jurisdiction upon [the United States Court of Federal Clainis] whenever the substantive right exists.” United Sral.‘es v. Tesrarz, 424 U.S. 392, 398 (1976). And so, to pursue a substantive right against the United States under the Tucl<er Act, a plaintiff must identify and plead a money~ mandating constitutional provision, statute, or regulation; an express or implied contract with the United States; or an illegal exaction of money by the United States. Cabral v. United States, 317 F.` App’x 979J 981 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (citing Fisher v. United States, 402 F.3d 1167, 1173 (Fed. Cir. 2005)); Norman v. United States, 429 F.3d 1081, 1095 (Fed. Cir. 2005). “[A} statute or regulation is money-mandating for jurisdictional purposes if it ‘can fairly be interpreted as mandating compensation for damages sustained as a result of the breach of the duties [it] impose[s].”’ Fisher, 402 F.3d at 1173 (quoring United states v. Machezl, 463 u.s. 206, 217 (1933)).

Specifically relevant to this matter, it is well established that the Court “does not have jurisdiction to review the decisions of district courts or the clerks of district courts relating to proceedings before those courts.” Joshua v. United Sl'ales, l7 F.3d 378, 380 (Fed. Cir. 1994)); see also Jones v. United States, No. 15-1044J 2016 WL 447144, *l (Fed. Cl. Feb. 4, 2016). And so, the Court must dismiss a claim seeking to review the decisions of district courts for lack of subject- matter jurisdiction ld. lt is also well established that “‘subject-matter jurisdiction, because it involves a couit’s power to hear a case, can never be forfeited or waived.”’ Arl)a'ugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 514 (2()06) (citations omitted). “[F]ederal courts have an independent obligation to ensure that they do not exceed the scope of their jurisdiction, and therefore they must raise and decide jurisdictional questions that the parties either overlook or elect not to press.” Henderson ex rel Hemlersnn v. Shlnseki, 562 U.S. 428, 434 (2011) (citations omitted). “[A] court has a duty to inquire into its jurisdiction to hear and decide a case.” Special Devlces, lnc., v. OEA lnc., 269 F.3d 1340, 1342 (Fed, Cir. 2001) (citations omitted). ln addition, “[a] court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.” Arez.‘ic Comer, lnc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed. Cir. 198 8) (citation omitted). To that end, the Court may not allow any matter to proceed that alleges a basis for jurisdiction “‘so attenuated and unsubstantial as to be absolutely devoid of merit.”’ Kroll v. Finnerty, 242 F.3d 1359, 1362 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (quoting Hagans v. Lavine, 415 U.S. 528, 536-37 (1974)). And so, should the Court determine at any stage during litigation that it lacks subject~ matter jurisdiction, the Court must dismiss the action. RCFC 12(h)(3).

IV. DISCUSSION A. The Court Does Not Possess Jurisdiction To Consider Plaintiff’s Claim When read in the light most favorable to plaintiff, the complaint demonstrates that the Court does not possess subject~matter jurisdiction to entertain plaintiffs claim. RCFC 12(h)(3). 1n the complaint, plaintiff requests that the Court review the decision of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio to dismiss her claim for railroad retirement benefits See generally Compl. Plaintiff also requests that the Court review the district court’s decision to deny her motion to transfer that claim to this Court. ld. at 1-2. 'l`he United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has held that the United States Court of Federal Claims does not possess jurisdiction to review the decisions of district courts relating to proceedings before those courts. Joshua, 17 F.3d at 380. Because plaintiff

acknowledges in her complaint that this is precisely the relief that she seeks here, the Court does not possess subject-matter jurisdiction to consider plaintiffs claim. And so, the Court must dismiss the complaint for lack of subject-matter jurisdictionl RCFC l2(h)(3).

V. CONCLUSION ln sum, when read in the light most favorable to plaintiff, the complaint in this matter demonstrates that the Court does not possess subject-matter jurisdiction to entertain plaintiff s claim. And so, the Court DISMISSES the complaint pursuant to RCFC l2(h)(3).

The Clerk’s Offlce is directed to ENTER final judgment in favor of the government, DISMlSSING the complaint No Costs.

IT IS SO ORDERED. q aG%QLt§:i( 25 D KAY le€WBY Judge