UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH CENTRAL DIVISION

M.L., individually and on behalf of A.L. a minor, MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER GRANTING MOTION FOR Plaintiffs, LEAVE TO PROCEED ANONYMOUSLY v. (DOC. NO. 6)

PREMERA BLUE CROSS; AMAZON.COM Case No. 2:25-cv-00624 SERVICES, LLC; and the AMAZON and SUBSIDIARIES GROUP HEALTH and District Judge Ted Stewart WELFARE PLAN, Magistrate Judge Daphne A. Oberg Defendants.

A.L. and A.L.’s father, M.L., brought this action alleging Defendants violated the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 19741 (“ERISA”) by denying insurance coverage for care A.L. received as a minor.2 Because Plaintiffs filed this case using only initials and a partial name, the court ordered them to file either an amended complaint under their full names or a motion for leave to proceed under initials.3 Plaintiffs filed a motion to proceed under initials.4 Because this case involves A.L.’s highly sensitive and personal health information, Plaintiffs’ motion is granted. Any party

1

et seq. 2 (See Compl., Doc. No. 1.) 3 (See Docket Text Order, Doc. No. 5.) 4 (See Pls.’ Mot. for Leave to Proceed Anonymously, Doc. No. 6.) who objects to Plaintiffs proceeding under initials may file a motion to reconsider this issue within fourteen days of the party’s appearance in this case. LEGAL STANDARDS Under Rule 10 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, “[t]he title of the complaint must name all the parties.”5 “Absent permission by the district court to proceed anonymously, . . . the federal courts lack jurisdiction over the unnamed parties, as a case has not been commenced with respect to them.”6 However, Rule 5.2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that minors may be named using initials unless the court orders otherwise.7 Additionally, a party may proceed anonymously in

“exceptional cases involving matters of a highly sensitive and personal nature, real danger of physical harm, or where the injury litigated against would be incurred as a result of the disclosure of the [party’s] identity.”8 In deciding whether to permit anonymity, courts exercise discretion in weighing these privacy interests against the public’s interest in access to legal proceedings.9

5 Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(a); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(a) (requiring an action to “be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest”). 6 Nat’l Commodity & Barter Ass’n v. Gibbs,

(10th Cir. 1989). 7 Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2(a)(3). 8 Femedeer v. Haun,

(10th Cir. 2000) (quoting Doe v. Frank,

(11th Cir. 1992)). 9 See

ANALYSIS Where this case involves highly sensitive and personal health information, and Defendants do not oppose Plaintiffs’ motion, the motion is granted. Plaintiffs’ complaint contains sensitive details about A.L.’s personal circumstances and the serious mental health issues A.L. confronted as a minor.10 Because this information is “of a highly sensitive and personal nature,” A.L. has a strong interest in the protection of A.L.’s identity.11 Moreover, this case relates to care A.L. received as a child.12 Additionally, M.L.’s anonymity is warranted where disclosure of his full name would reveal A.L.’s identity.13

Further, public interest in the identities of the parties in this proceeding appears limited. This case does not involve the sorts of important public issues giving rise to common interest—such as cases “attacking the constitutionality of popularly enacted

10 (See generally Compl., Doc. No. 1.) 11 Femedeer,

(quoting Frank,

). 12 See Tony M. v. United Healthcare Ins., No. 2:19-cv-00165,

, at *4 (D. Utah Jan. 31, 2025) (unpublished) (permitting ERISA plaintiff to proceed pseudonymously where the case related to medical care the plaintiff received as a minor); Doe v. USD No. 237, No. 16-cv-2801,

, at *31 (D. Kan. Sept. 1, 2017) (unpublished) (“The fact that Doe was a minor at all times material to the allegations of the complaint is at the forefront of the Court’s analysis [of whether the plaintiff could proceed pseudonymously].”). 13 See S.E.S. v. Galena Unified Sch. Dist. No. 499, No. 18-2042,

, at *4 (D. Kan. July 12, 2018) (unpublished) (noting a child “and his parents share common privacy interests based on their inseparable relationship,” because disclosure of a parent’s identity would effectively disclose the child’s identity). legislation.”"* Instead, this case involves private individuals challenging the denial of insurance benefits for care received by a minor. Any public interest in this case is limited (at least at this time) to the precedential or persuasive value of the rulings in the case. The use of pseudonyms does not diminish this value. CONCLUSION Where this case implicates matters of a highly sensitive and personal nature regarding care received by a minor, the motion’® is granted. Plaintiffs may proceed pseudonymously in this action. Within fourteen days of this order, Plaintiffs shall file, under seal: a disclosure containing the full legal names of M.L. and A.L.'® That filing shall remain under seal unless otherwise ordered. DATED this 7th day of August, 2025. BY THE COURT: apis Ora United States Magistrate Judge

14 See Femedeer,

. 1S (Doc. No. 6.) 16 See W.N.J. v. Yocom,

(10th Cir. 2001) (“If a court grants permission [to proceed pseudonymously], it is often with the requirement that the real names of the plaintiffs be disclosed to the defense and the court but kept under seal thereafter.” (citing Nat’ Commodity & Barter Ass’n,

)).