Memorial Gardens of Valley, Inc. v. Love
Memorial Gardens of Valley, Inc. v. Love
Opinion of the Court
Memorial Gardens, Inc. owns a-71.5-acre parcel of land in Salt Lake County, Utah which it has dedicated as a cemetery and is engaged in the development, operation and sale of lots therein. M. H. Love, Director of the Securities Commission ruled that it was subject to regulation under the Securities Act.
The sole issue is whether the sale of burial lots in accordance with plaintiff’s plan is a sale of “securities” within the provisions of section 61-1-4 U.C.A.1953:
“(1) ‘Security’ shall include any note, stock, * * * bond, debenture or evidence of indebtedness; * * * certificate of, contract for, or any conveyance or other instrument conveying, * * * or purporting to convey or represent, an interest or any right in, * * * any oil, gas or mining lease or permit; collateral trust certificate, pre-organization certificate, or preorgan-ization subscription; any transferable share, investment contract, service certificate, burial certificate or burial contract ; investment-trust certificates, shares or units, or beneficial interest in or title to property, profits or earnings; certificate of membership in, contract or agreement * * * issued by, any corporation, association * * wherein a discount, reduction in price or other advantage, privilege or right in or to the purchase of merchandise are * * * agreed to be given or made; and any other instrument com*272 monly known as a security, including any plan or scheme wherein townsites, town lots, or acreage, or any other land division in fee or in leasehold shall be used in connection with the gift or sale of any security as herein defined.”
The facts were stipulated: lots in plaintiff’s cemetery are sold on time payment contracts which specify a price for the lot and a contribution to a trust fund committed to perpetual care and maintenance. Plaintiff agrees to give a deed of conveyance with the use limited to burial purposes; to design and construct burial gardens; and agrees to provide for perpetual care and maintenance out of the income from the trust fund. As a sales inducement its salesmen represent that lots now acquired will increase in value as the cemetery is developed. In the initial agreement the buyer is requested to sign a statement that he is buying it for burial purposes only and not for resale or for speculation. The.final contract contains no such statement, and lots may be transferred by the purchaser so long as the sale is registered with the secretary of the company.
The rule that the penal nature of Securities Acts, sometimes referred to as “Blue Sky Laws,” requires their provisions to be strictly construed, and that coverage shall not be extended by implication, has been recognized in this state in former times.
Defendants’ argument is that the words “burial certificate” and “burial contract” used in the statute, and particularly read in connection with the preceding general terms, “any transferable share, investment contract, service certificate,” include the contract and deed to be issued for the cemetery lots here. Supplementing this argument they point to the fact that the
Nor do the general terms in the statute, “beneficial interest in or title to property” and “any other instrument commonly known as a security” broaden the meaning of the statute to cover plaintiff’s activities. Such general terms cannot be given a literal meaning independent of the context in which they are used. They must be understood in the light of and as characterized by the purpose of the statute, and viewed in relation to the entire context. When specific terms are followed by general terms, the latter are limited to things of like kind.
The sale of a cemetery lot to an individual is usually for the use of himself and family and is analogous to any other investment in real estate. It does not generally fall within the character of investment that is commonly understood as being a security.
There is another aspect of the law of this state which suggests that the legislature did not intend the Securities Act to cover such a sale of cemetery lots as we are here concerned with. The 19SS Session of our Legislature enacted Chapter XI, S.L.U. 1955, 8-4-1 et seq., U.C.A.1953, which deals in a plenary manner with the regulation and control of the operation of cemeteries, mausoleums, etc., with particular emphasis on the creation, maintenance and application of their endowment funds. It is significant that the 1955 Act malees no provision for regulation of “burial contracts” and “burial certificates” which are expressly covered by the Securities Act; on the other hand, it does establish a Cemetery Board under the Department of Business Regulation upon which it confers regulatory powers over cemeteries and their endowment funds. It therefore seems plain that the legislature in the 1955 Act purposely omitted reference to “burial contracts” and “burial certificates” which were already covered under the Securities Act and that it designedly included in the later Act the other aspects of the operation of cemeteries, including such plans as are being sold by plaintiff.
It is our opinion that the business of the plaintiff carried on as hereinabove set out does not render it subject to the Securities Act.
No costs are awarded.
. 61-1 U.C.A.1953.
. Guaranty Mortg. Co. v. Wilcox, 62 Utah 184, 218 P. 133, 30 A.L.R. 1324; Miller v. Stuart, 69 Utah 250, 253 P. 900.
. People v. Jackson, 24 Cal.App.2d 182, 74 P.2d 1085; State v. Lorentz, 221 Minn. 366, 22 N.W.2d 313; Union Land Association v. Ussher, 174 Or. 453, 149 P.2d 568; see also 47 Am.Jur. 566.
.Cf. 68-3-2 U.O.A.1953 requiring that .statutes generally be liberally construed with views to-effect purposes.
. Donahue v. Warner Bros. Pic. Dist. Corp., 2 Utah 2d 256, 272 P.2d 177; see also 2 Sutherland, Statutory Construction, secs. 4909, 4911; 28 C.J.S., Ejusdem, p. 1049.
. Jaffe v. Goldner, 251 Ill.App. 188.
. See Prohaska v. Hemmer-Miller Dev. Co., 256 Ill.App. 331.
.See 79 C.J.S., Security, p. 949, notes 97 and 98; 163 A.L.R. 1075.
. Ibid.
. Holloway v. Thompson, 112 Ind.App. 229, 42 N.E.2d 421; State v. Lorentz, 221 Minn. 366, 22 N.W.2d 313; In re Waldstein, 160 Misc. 763, 291 N.Y.S. 697.
Concurring Opinion
(concurring).
I concur, but do not join in the dictum that seems to push the door ajar for possible future departure from our announced rule that the blue sky laws of this state shall be strictly construed.
Blue sky laws are swords with two edges. Best they be not sharpened unduly on one side and dulled on the other. We should not be unmindful of the fact that in the last two or three years of feverish uranium stock trading, millions were lost to the small investors, not necessarily through purchase of unregistered securities, but in many instances through purchase of stocks that had been registered with the state securities commission. Nor should we be unmindful that the losses suffered in the latter category in many cases were attributable to the false sense of security engendered because the stocks had been registered with the securities commission, which fact in and of itself induced the clerk, the carpenter, the stenographer and the other little person, economically speaking, to make their purchases of what was to prove worthless stock. If this fact was not the inducement, unscrupulous salesmen frequently pointed to the fact of registration as proof of the merit and stability of what later turned out to be nothing but fancy looking paper. The only compensating feature about such losses seems to be the fact that the purchasers of the worthless stock were trying to get rich quick, without any effort, and hence deserved to lose. There are two schools of thought as to whether the paternalism of blue sky laws in attempting to protect the public, is a fair substitute for the individualism of the caveat emptor philosophy, and we should scrutinize such laws carefully and strictly before extending the scope of such paternalistic legislation.
. Guaranty Mortg. Co. v. Wilcox, Miller v. Stuart, cited in the main opinion.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- MEMORIAL GARDENS OF THE VALLEY, Inc., a Corporation, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. M. H. LOVE, Director, Securities Commission of the State of Utah, and Hal S. Bennett, Donald Hacking, Stewart M. Hanson, Commissioners, Defendants and Respondents, Funeral Directors and Embalmers Association of Utah, a Corporation, Intervener
- Cited By
- 2 cases
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- Published