Santa Fe Ltd. Partnership, L.L.C. v. Hollywood Associates, L.L.C.

In Count I of die motion for judgment, plaintiff claims damages for breach of contract. In Count II, plaintiff pleads in the alternative that if no contract existed, he should recover in quantum meruit. Defendant argues these positions are mutually exclusive and die plaintiff should be required to elect which count he wishes to pursue. For the reasons stated below, defendant’s motion is overruled.

There are few restrictions or limitations on alternative pleadings. However, “it is well established in Virginia that a litigant will be precluded from taking inconsistent and mutually contradictory positions.” Dickson v. Dickson, 23 Va. App. 73 (1996). “[A] litigant will not be permitted to assume successively, inconsistent, and mutually contradictory positions” during the ongoing course of litigation. Berry v. Klinger, 225 Va. 201 (1983). Thus, the issue is whether pleading breach of contract or in the alternative quantum meruit rises to the level of “mutually contradictory positions.”

Defendant cites Southern Biscuit Co. v. Lloyd, 174 Va. 299 (1940), for the proposition that “an express contract defining the rights of the parties necessarily precludes the existence of an implied contract of a different nature containing the same subject matter.” Thus, die defendant argues that because an express contract and implied contract cannot co-exist, Count I and Count Q are inconsistent and the plaintiff must choose one or die other. However, in Southern Biscuit, there was undisputably an express contract before the court. *358The appellant in Southern Biscuit argued that he was entitled to recover on an implied contract, one “outside die contract provisions” of the express contract. The court simply observed lhat it will not recognize die existence of an implied contract when it has an express one in its hands. Conversely, in the present case, there is an issue of whether an express contract even exists. Plaintiff is arguing that the defendant owes him money because the defendant breached a contract, or at the very least, die defendant owes him money for the value of services rendered. Because of the factual issues that have yet to be resolved, it would be premature to hold that the plaintiff is asserting mutually contradictory positions. Accordingly, the defendant’s motion is overruled.