TomTom, Inc. v. AOT Systems GmbH
TomTom, Inc. v. AOT Systems GmbH
Opinion of the Court
ORDER
This patent declaratory judgment action presents the unusual question whether personal jurisdiction over a foreign company with no contacts with the United States
I.
TomTom, Inc. (TomTom), a Massachusetts corporation with a principal place of business in Concord, Massachusetts, brings this action seeking a declaration of invalidity and/or noninfringement of a patent allegedly held by AOT Systems GmbH (AOT), a German corporation with a principal place of business in Lindau, Germany, and Michael Adolph, an individual residing in Wasserburg, Germany, in its complaint, TomTom alleges that there has been a longstanding dispute between Tom Tom and AOT regarding alleged infringement of United Slates Patent No. 6.356,-836, Method and Device for Generating, Merging and Updating of Destination Tracking Data. Specifically, TomTom alleges that AOT, beginning in February 2011, purporting to have exclusive control of the '836 patent, accused TomTom of infringing the patent and threatened to bring a lawsuit to enforce the patent. Further, TomTom alleges that AOT has filed a lawsuit in Germany against Tom-Tom’s customer, REWE Unterhaltungselektronik GmbH, for infringement of the European counterpart to the '836 patent, European Patent No. 0988508.
In moving to dismiss the complaint, AOT argues that it is neither the patentee nor an assignee of the '836 patent. In support, AOT has provided a sworn declaration by its Director, Dr. Adoph, denying that AOT is the patentee or an assignee of the '836 patent. Further, AOT explains that it is, in fact, the exclusive licensee of the '508 patent and that the German lawsuit is based upon the '508 Patent. AOT further denies owning, renting, or leasing property in the United States, having any assets in the United States, or conducting any business with anyone, or selling any products or services to anyone, in the United States. At the September 14, 2012 hearing, counsel for AOT represented that, as the face of the '836 patent reflects, Dr. Adolph, rather than AOT, is the sole patentee and named inventor of the '836 patent. AOT’s counsel also represented that Dr. Adolph has consented to service of process via The Hague Convention and it appears that service of process on Dr. Adolph has now been accomplished.
II.
Analysis of the personal jurisdiction question properly begins with the Rule 12(b)(2), Fed.R.Civ.P. To survive threshold dismissal under Rule 12(b)(2), the plaintiff “need only make a prima facie showing that defendants are subject to personal jurisdiction” and a “district court must accept the uncontroverted allegations in the plaintiffs complaint as true and resolve any factual conflicts in the affidavits in the plaintiffs favor.” Electronics for Imaging, Inc. v. Coyle, 340 F.3d 1344, 1349 (Fed.Cir. 2003).
The personal jurisdiction question is resolved by a two-step inquiry: (i) “the district court determines whether a
Every patentee not residing in the United States may file in the Patent and Trademark Office a written designation stating the name and address of a person residing within the United States on whom may be served process or notice of proceedings affecting the patent or rights thereunder.... [I]f no person has been designated, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia shall have jurisdiction.... The court shall have the same jurisdiction to take any action respecting the patent or rights thereunder that it would have if the patentee were personally within the jurisdiction of the court.
Thus, personal jurisdiction is proper over a foreign patentee either in the state where the patentee has designated an agent to receive service of process or in the Eastern District of Virginia.
III.
In summary, AOT’s motion to dismiss (doc. 11) for lack of personal jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(6) must be granted because AOT is not a patentee as defined by the patent long arm statute, 35 U.S.C. § 293.
For these reasons, the reasons stated from the Bench, and for good cause,
It is hereby ORDERED that AOT’s motion to dismiss (doc. 11) is GRANTED, and accordingly all claims against AOT are DISMISSED without prejudice to the merits of the claims asserted.
The Clerk is directed to send a copy of this Order to all counsel of record.
. In a patent infringement case, the “law of the Federal Circuit, rather than that of the regional circuits, [is applied] to determine personal jurisdiction.” Red Wing Shoe Co., Inc. v. Hockerson-Halberstadt, Inc., 148 F.3d 1355, 1358 (Fed.Cir. 1998).
. The Federal Circuit analysis in this respect is essentially similar to the analysis in this and other circuits, where the two step analysis is generally expressed in terms of whether the statute — typically a state long-arm statute — reaches the defendant’s behavior and whether the statute’s reach in the circumstances exceeds its constitutional grasp. See, e.g., CFA Inst. v. Inst, of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, 551 F.3d 285, 292-93 (4th Cir. 2009); DeSantis v. Hafner Creations, Inc., 949 F.Supp. 419, 422-23 (E.D.Va. 1996) (discussing the two step analysis).
. See Riker Lab., Inc. v. Gist-Brocades N.V., 636 F.2d 772, 775 (D.C.Cir. 1980) (describing § 293 as "a long arm statute”).
. Section 293 was amended in 2011 to designate the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia as the fallback venue, rather than the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, presumably because the United States Patent and Trademark Office is located in this district. Pub. L. 112-29, § 9(a), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 316.
. See also, Int’l Mfg. & Eng.’g Servs. Co. v. Semiconductor Energy Lab. Co., No. 06-123Q(JDB), 2007 WL 2059768 (D.D.C. July 16, 2007) (holding that § 293 does not permit the exercise of personal jurisdiction over patent applicants).
. By its terms, § 293 does not extend to exclusive licensees. An exclusive licensee’s right to sue for infringement arises solely from the contractual relationship between the patentee and the licensee; indeed, in the context of infringement suits, "an exclusive licensee ordinarily may not sue in its name alone” because the owner of the patent "holds the title to the patent in trust for such a licensee.”
. See also, Adm'rs of Tulane Educ. Fund, 770 F.Supp.2d at 31 ("the district court may deny additional discovery when it could produce no facts that would affect the jurisdictional analysis").
Reference
- Full Case Name
- TOMTOM, INC. v. AOT SYSTEMS GMBH
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- 6 cases
- Status
- Published