CLERK'S OFFICE □□□□ DIST. ¢ IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT Ren POR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA September 10, 2025 ROANOKE DIVISION LAURA A. AUSTIN, CL] BY: S/J.Vasque:z Jacob Gubin, ) DEPUTY CLERS

Petitioner, v. Civil Action No. 7:25-cv-00305 Leslie Powell, Respondent.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER Petitioner Jacob Gubin, a detainee proceeding pro se, filed a petition captioned as a “Motion for Writ of Habeas Corpus” (“Petition”). In the Petition, he complains about his transfer to Augusta County, where he contends the court lacks jurisdiction to appoint him counsel in connection with criminal cases pending in Rockingham County. The court will dismiss this action after preliminary review pursuant to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Proceedings in the United States District Courts (“Habeas Rules”’), which provides for screening and summary dismissal of a deficient application for habeas corpus relief. If it plainly appears from a habeas petition that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court, the court must dismiss the petition. Habeas R. 4. “Federal courts are authorized to dismiss summarily any habeas petition that appears legally insufficient on its face... .” McFarland v. Scott,

(1994). The Petition is deficient for several reasons. First, it specifies no relief requested as required by Habeas Rule 2(c)(3). The Petition is not signed under penalty of perjury as is

required under Habeas Rule 2(c)(5). The Petition does not follow the general format of a standard habeas petition as required by Habeas Rule 2(d). The Petition neither alleges that Gubin is being held in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States nor otherwise identifies facts indicating a real possibility of constitutional error such that relief under

could be directed. See Advisory Committee’s Note on Habeas Rule 4 (“[N]otice pleading is not sufficient, for the petition is expected to state facts that point to a real possibility of constitutional error.’’) (internal quotation marks omitted). Because this Petition is deficient on its face, the court will DISMISS this action. The dismissal is without prejudice to the filing of a new petition that complies with the pleading requirements for habeas petitions. The Clerk is DIRECTED to enclose a copy of the court’s form for such actions. A certificate of appealability pursuant to

(c)(2) is denied because jurists of reason would not find it debatable that dismissal of the Petition is correct. See Slack v. McDaniel,

(2000). The Clerk is DIRECTED to send a copy of this Memorandum Opinion and Order to Gubin. ENTERED this 10th day of September, 2025.

dinars. H. foo HON. JASMINE H. YOON UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

PETITION UNDER

FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS BY A PERSON IN STATE CUSTODY United States District Court District: Name (under which you were convicted): Docket or Case No.: Place of Confinement : Prisoner No.:

Petitioner (include the name under which you were convicted) Respondent (authorized person having custody of petitioner) v. The Attorney General of the State of:

PETITION 1. (a) Name and location of court that entered the judgment of conviction you are challenging:

(b) Criminal docket or case number (if you know): 2. (a) Date of the judgment of conviction (if you know): (b) Date of sentencing: 3. Length of sentence: 4. In this case, were you convicted on more than one count or of more than one crime? ’ Yes ’ No 5. Identify all crimes of which you were convicted and sentenced in this case:

6. (a) What was your plea? (Check one) ’ (1) Not guilty ’ (3) Nolo contendere (no contest) (b) If you entered a guilty plea to one count or charge and a not guilty plea to another count or charge, what did you plead guilty to and what did you plead not guilty to?

(c) If you went to trial, what kind of trial did you have? (Check one) ’ Jury ’ Judge only 7. Did you testify at a pretrial hearing, trial, or a post-trial hearing? ’ Yes ’ No 8. Did you appeal from the judgment of conviction? ’ Yes ’ No 9. If you did appeal, answer the following: (a) Name of court: (b) Docket or case number (if you know): (c) Result: (d) Date of result (if you know): (e) Citation to the case (if you know): (f) Grounds raised:

(g) Did you seek further review by a higher state court? ’ Yes ’ No If yes, answer the following: (1) Name of court: (2) Docket or case number (if you know): (3) Result: AO 241 Page 4 (Rev. 01/15) (5) Citation to the case (if you know): (6) Grounds raised:

(h) Did you file a petition for certiorari in the United States Supreme Court? O Yes OM No If yes, answer the following: (1) Docket or case number (if you know): (2) Result:

(3) Date of result Gf you know): (4) Citation to the case (if you know): 10. Other than the direct appeals listed above, have you previously filed any other petitions, applications, or motions concerning this judgment of conviction in any state court? O Yes O No 11. If your answer to Question 10 was "Yes," give the following information: (a) (1) Name of court: (2) Docket or case number (if you know): (3) Date of filing Gf you know): (4) Nature of the proceeding: (5) Grounds raised:

(6) Did you receive a hearing where evidence was given on your petition, application, or motion? O Yes O No (7) Result: (8) Date of result Gf you know):

AO 241 Page 5 (Rev. 01/15) (b) If you filed any second petition, application, or motion, give the same information: (1) Name of court: (2) Docket or case number (if you know): (3) Date of filing Gf you know): (4) Nature of the proceeding: (5) Grounds raised:

(6) Did you receive a hearing where evidence was given on your petition, application, or motion? O Yes O No (7) Result: (8) Date of result Gf you know): (c) If you filed any third petition, application, or motion, give the same information: (1) Name of court: (2) Docket or case number (if you know): (3) Date of filing Gf you know): (4) Nature of the proceeding: (5) Grounds raised:

(6) Did you receive a hearing where evidence was given on your petition, application, or motion? ’ Yes ’ No (7) Result: (8) Date of result (if you know): (d) Did you appeal to the highest state court having jurisdiction over the action taken on your petition, application, or motion? (1) First petition: ’ Yes ’ No (2) Second petition: ’ Yes ’ No (3) Third petition: ’ Yes ’ No (e) If you did not appeal to the highest state court having jurisdiction, explain why you did not: 12. For this petition, state every ground on which you claim that you are being held in violation of the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. Attach additional pages if you have more than four grounds. State the facts supporting each ground. CAUTION: To proceed in the federal court, you must ordinarily first exhaust (use up) your available state-court remedies on each ground on which you request action by the federal court. Also, if you fail to set forth all the grounds in this petition, you may be barred from presenting additional grounds at a later date. GROUND ONE: (a) Supporting facts (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.):

(b) If you did not exhaust your state remedies on Ground One, explain why: (c) Direct Appeal of Ground One: (1) If you appealed from the judgment of conviction, did you raise this issue? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If you did not raise this issue in your direct appeal, explain why:

(d) Post-Conviction Proceedings: (1) Did you raise this issue through a post-conviction motion or petition for habeas corpus in a state trial court? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If your answer to Question (d)(1) is "Yes," state: Type of motion or petition: Name and location of the court where the motion or petition was filed: Docket or case number (if you know): Date of the court's decision: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available):

(3) Did you receive a hearing on your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (4) Did you appeal from the denial of your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (5) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," did you raise this issue in the appeal? ’ Yes ’ No (6) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," state: Name and location of the court where the appeal was filed: Docket or case number (if you know): Date of the court's decision: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available):

(7) If your answer to Question (d)(4) or Question (d)(5) is "No," explain why you did not raise this issue: (e) Other Remedies: Describe any other procedures (such as habeas corpus, administrative remedies, etc.) that you have used to exhaust your state remedies on Ground One:

GROUND TWO:

(a) Supporting facts (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.):

(b) If you did not exhaust your state remedies on Ground Two, explain why:

(c) Direct Appeal of Ground Two: (1) If you appealed from the judgment of conviction, did you raise this issue? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If you did not raise this issue in your direct appeal, explain why:

(d) Post-Conviction Proceedings: (1) Did you raise this issue through a post-conviction motion or petition for habeas corpus in a state trial court? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If your answer to Question (d)(1) is "Yes," state: Type of motion or petition: Name and location of the court where the motion or petition was filed: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available):

(3) Did you receive a hearing on your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (4) Did you appeal from the denial of your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (5) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," did you raise this issue in the appeal? ’ Yes ’ No (6) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," state: Name and location of the court where the appeal was filed: Docket or case number (if you know): Date of the court's decision: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available):

(7) If your answer to Question (d)(4) or Question (d)(5) is "No," explain why you did not raise this issue:

(e) Other Remedies: Describe any other procedures (such as habeas corpus, administrative remedies, etc.) that you have used to exhaust your state remedies on Ground Two :

GROUND THREE: (a) Supporting facts (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.): (b) If you did not exhaust your state remedies on Ground Three, explain why:

(c) Direct Appeal of Ground Three: (1) If you appealed from the judgment of conviction, did you raise this issue? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If you did not raise this issue in your direct appeal, explain why:

(d) Post-Conviction Proceedings: (1) Did you raise this issue through a post-conviction motion or petition for habeas corpus in a state trial court? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If your answer to Question (d)(1) is "Yes," state: Type of motion or petition: Name and location of the court where the motion or petition was filed: Docket or case number (if you know): Date of the court's decision: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available):

(3) Did you receive a hearing on your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (4) Did you appeal from the denial of your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (5) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," did you raise this issue in the appeal? ’ Yes ’ No (6) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," state: Name and location of the court where the appeal was filed: Docket or case number (if you know): Date of the court's decision: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available): (7) If your answer to Question (d)(4) or Question (d)(5) is "No," explain why you did not raise this issue:

(e) Other Remedies: Describe any other procedures (such as habeas corpus, administrative remedies, etc.) that you have used to exhaust your state remedies on Ground Three:

GROUND FOUR: (a) Supporting facts (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.):

(b) If you did not exhaust your state remedies on Ground Four, explain why:

(c) Direct Appeal of Ground Four: (1) If you appealed from the judgment of conviction, did you raise this issue? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If you did not raise this issue in your direct appeal, explain why:

(d) Post-Conviction Proceedings: (1) Did you raise this issue through a post-conviction motion or petition for habeas corpus in a state trial court? ’ Yes ’ No (2) If your answer to Question (d)(1) is "Yes," state: Name and location of the court where the motion or petition was filed:

Docket or case number (if you know): Date of the court's decision: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available):

(3) Did you receive a hearing on your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (4) Did you appeal from the denial of your motion or petition? ’ Yes ’ No (5) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," did you raise this issue in the appeal? ’ Yes ’ No (6) If your answer to Question (d)(4) is "Yes," state: Name and location of the court where the appeal was filed: Docket or case number (if you know): Date of the court's decision: Result (attach a copy of the court's opinion or order, if available):

(7) If your answer to Question (d)(4) or Question (d)(5) is "No," explain why you did not raise this issue:

(e) Other Remedies: Describe any other procedures (such as habeas corpus, administrative remedies, etc.) that you have used to exhaust your state remedies on Ground Four: 13. Please answer these additional questions about the petition you are filing: (a) Have all grounds for relief that you have raised in this petition been presented to the highest state court having jurisdiction? ’ Yes ’ No If your answer is "No," state which grounds have not been so presented and give your reason(s) for not presenting them:

(b) Is there any ground in this petition that has not been presented in some state or federal court? If so, which ground or grounds have not been presented, and state your reasons for not presenting them:

14. Have you previously filed any type of petition, application, or motion in a federal court regarding the conviction that you challenge in this petition? ’ Yes ’ No If "Yes," state the name and location of the court, the docket or case number, the type of proceeding, the issues raised, the date of the court's decision, and the result for each petition, application, or motion filed. Attach a copy of any court opinion or order, if available.

15. Do you have any petition or appeal now pending (filed and not decided yet) in any court, either state or federal, for the judgment you are challenging? ’ Yes ’ No If "Yes," state the name and location of the court, the docket or case number, the type of proceeding, and the issues raised. 16. Give the name and address, if you know, of each attorney who represented you in the following stages of the judgment you are challenging: (a) At preliminary hearing: (b) At arraignment and plea:

(c) At trial: (d) At sentencing:

(e) On appeal:

(f) In any post-conviction proceeding: (g) On appeal from any ruling against you in a post-conviction proceeding:

17. Do you have any future sentence to serve after you complete the sentence for the judgment that you are challenging? ’ Yes ’ No (a) If so, give name and location of court that imposed the other sentence you will serve in the future:

(b) Give the date the other sentence was imposed: (c) Give the length of the other sentence: (d) Have you filed, or do you plan to file, any petition that challenges the judgment or sentence to be served in the future? ’ Yes ’ No 18. TIMELINESS OF PETITION: If your judgment of conviction became final over one year ago, you must explain why the one-year statute of limitations as contained in

(d) does not bar your petition.* *The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 ("AEDPA") as contained in

(d) provides in part that: (1) A one-year period of limitation shall apply to an application for a writ of habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court. The limitation period shall run from the latest of - (A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review; (B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application created by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States is removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing by such state action; (C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if the right has been newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review; or AO 241 Page 16 (Rev. 01/15) (2) The time during which a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending shall not be counted toward any period of limitation under this subsection. Therefore, petitioner asks that the Court grant the following relief:

or any other relief to which petitioner may be entitled.

Signature of Attorney (if any)

I declare (or certify, verify, or state) under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct and that this Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus was placed in the prison mailing system on (month, date, year).

Executed (signed) on (date).

Signature of Petitioner If the person signing is not petitioner, state relationship to petitioner and explain why petitioner is not signing this petition.

ccc =