State v. Garvey
State v. Garvey
Opinion of the Court
The sole issue in this appeal is whether a DUI suspect’s license may be suspended for refusing to submit to a blood alcohol test when no public defender can reasonably be reached before the suspect is required to decide whether to take the test. The superior court ruled that defendant’s refusal, rendered without consulting an attorney, warranted the license suspension sanction. We disagree and reverse.
Just after midnight on July 23, 1989, defendant was processed for DUI at the Hardwick Police Department. As part of the process, defendant was advised:
You have the right to talk with a lawyer before deciding whether or not to submit to a test. If you cannot afford a
*106 lawyer and want one, a Public Defender will be contacted for you, at the State’s expense.
You have a reasonable amount of time in which to decide whether or not to submit to a test. If you want to talk to a lawyer first, you must decide no later than 30 minutes from the first attempt to contact a lawyer.
Defendant told the officer he wanted to talk to a lawyer before deciding whether to take a test to determine his blood alcohol level. The officer called fourteen lawyers, all of whom did not answer. Defendant even tried to reach a Connecticut lawyer, to no avail.'Forty-three minutes after the officer first discussed taking the test, he made a last request that defendant take the test. After defendant again said he would not do so without speaking to a lawyer first, the officer deemed that defendant had refused.
The trial court concluded the officer had reasonable grounds to request the test and that defendant had refused the test. Therefore, the sanction provided by statute was triggered. 23 V.S.A. § 1205(a) (six-month suspension of operator’s license).
The issue raised here was the subject of a dissent in Gilman v. Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, 155 Vt. 251, 253-55, 583 A.2d 86, 87-88 (1990) (Dooley, J., dissenting) (decided on narrower grounds). Based in part on the statutory analysis in that dissent, we conclude that defendant’s license may not be suspended where a refusal is premised on the state’s inability to provide him with a consultation with a lawyer before he was required to make up his mind whether to take the test.
The Legislature gave a motorist in defendant’s position “the right to consult an attorney prior to deciding whether or not to submit to such a test.” 23 V.S.A. § 1202(c). The State argues that this right is circumscribed by a condition that the decision be made “no later than thirty minutes from the time of the initial attempt to contact the attorney.” Id. The State’s position necessarily means that the Legislature intended that the right to counsel evaporates when one cannot be contacted within thirty minutes. To the contrary, we believe the Legislature intended that in any event legal consultation be available through the public defender law.
We held in State v. Nicasio, 136 Vt. 162, 165-66, 385 A.2d 1096, 1098-99 (1978), that the public defender law, 13 V.S.A.
Arguably, our rule may tempt some public defenders simply to avoid answering the phone in the wee morning hours, thereby providing would-be clients a potential defense. This tactic is, of course, available any time a lawyer strategizes that ineffective assistance of counsel may be more effective from a client’s point of view than a competent defense. We will not assume that a professional, whose reputation and professional license depend on the avoidance of chicanery, would make such use of our holding here. The only difficulty with our interpretation of the law is functional — that is, will the public defender system efficiently cover the late-night or early-morning calls? We have little doubt that statewide twenty-four-hour coverage of DUI calls is not an insurmountable management task.
Reversed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. I respectfully dissent.
Our law gives a person a statutory right to consult an attorney before deciding whether to submit to an evidentiary DUI test. 23 V.S.A. § 1202(c); State v. West, 151 Vt. 140, 143-44, 557 A.2d 873, 875-76 (1988). This right is conditioned, however, on the consultation taking place within a prescribed period of time. Section 1202(c) provides that a person who is requested by a law enforcement officer to submit to such a test “must decide” whether to do so “within a reasonable time, but no later than 30 minutes from the time of the initial attempt to contact the at
In the instant case, the officer made a bona fide effort to contact an attorney for defendant for more than the required thirty minutes. Fourteen calls to attorneys went unanswered. The majority opinion presupposes that a deliberate tactic of not answering the telephone in the wee morning hours is a temptation to which professionals would not succumb. I can only note that this is not the first time we have encountered this phenomenon in this same county. See Gilman v. Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, 155 Vt. 251, 253-55, 583 A.2d 86, 87-88 (1990) (Dooley, J., dissenting) (seven unanswered calls within county plus one unanswered call to attorney in adjacent county). I believe the statute was fully complied with herein and that the trial court properly concluded that defendant had refused to give a sample of his breath after being accorded his legal rights.
I, therefore, dissent, and am authorized to say that the Chief Justice joins in this dissent.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- State of Vermont v. Thomas Garvey
- Cited By
- 20 cases
- Status
- Published