State v. Lewis
State v. Lewis
Concurring Opinion
(concurring)—After State v. Sweet, 90 Wn.2d 282, 581 P.2d 579 (1978), it is impossible for me to imagine a hard luck story that will not move a court to ignore the rules imposing requirements for perfecting appeals. See Sweet, 90 Wn.2d at 294 (Stafford, J., dissenting). Lewis has a better story than Sweet had. Therefore, I concur in the result.
Opinion of the Court
—Ricky Lee Lewis appeals the Superior Court's dismissal of his appeal of district court convictions for traffic offenses. This court granted discretionary review solely on the issues of: (1) whether the record shows a voluntary waiver by the defendant of his right to appeal, and (2) what effect the District Court's alleged noncompliance with RALJ 2.7 has on the defendant's right to appeal. We reverse.
On April 6, 1982, Lewis was charged in Kitsap County District Court with driving while license suspended. On April 18, 1982, Lewis was charged in the same court with reckless driving. Finally, on April 28, 1982, Lewis was charged again in Kitsap County District Court with driving while license suspended. The District Court issued an arrest
The defendant, still without counsel, was tried and convicted of the two charges of driving while license suspended. On October 11, 1982, a district court judge fined Lewis and sentenced him to two concurrent sentences of 365 days in jail with 185 days suspended. On October 25, 1982, while the defendant was in custody,
On October 26, the same district court judge appointed counsel for Lewis and ordered that the time for filing an appeal be extended to October 27, 1982. A motion by defendant's attorney for another extension was granted on November 22, 1982, and the time for appeal was extended to December 17, 1982. The defendant did file another notice of appeal on December 17, 1982, this time in the Superior Court. The State then moved to dismiss the appeal.
On July 1, 1983, the State's motion to dismiss was granted, on the grounds that the defendant failed to comply with the RALJ 2.5(a) filing requirements. The State argues in support of that ruling that the district court judge had no jurisdiction to extend the time for filing the notice of appeal. The broad issue presented to this court is whether the Superior Court erred in dismissing the defendant's appeal.
A jurisdictional requirement for an appeal to superior court from a court of limited jurisdiction is that the party appealing the decision must file a notice of appeal in superior court. RALJ 2.4(a). Pursuant to RALJ 2.5(a), the appeal must be filed within 14 days from the "date of entry" of the district court's final decision. In State v.
The right of appeal granted by statute
From the record we have before us, it appears that the district court judge who imposed the sentence did not orally advise the defendant of his right to appeal until October 25, 1982. Thus, Lewis's October 28 notice of appeal was timely filed because it was within 14 days of October 25. We are not unmindful of the fact that the defendant signed an advice of rights form some 5 months before he was sentenced. However, an advice of appeal rights occurring "off the record" that long before sentencing does not, in our judgment, comply with RALJ 2.7. Whether the advice of appeal rights was explained in open court we can
[t]he record should clearly indicate that the trial court advised the defendant pursuant to RALJ 2.7 of the right to appeal a conviction as well as the time and method for commencing an appeal. Where the record does not so clearly indicate and the appeal notice was untimely filed, compelling circumstances will be found to necessitate extending the appeal notice filing period so that the defendant is not unjustly deprived of the right of appeal.[9]
(Italics ours.) Seattle v. Braggs, 41 Wn. App. at 651.
The record does not reveal clearly that the defendant was advised of his right to appeal prior to October 25, 1982. The notice of appeal filed by the defendant on that date and subsequently refiled in Superior Court on October 28, 1982, constitutes the timely filing of the notice of appeal within the extended filing period.
The defendant has argued that because he is guaranteed a right to appeal under our state constitution, article 1, section 22, his appeal should not be dismissed unless and until the State shows a knowing and intelligent waiver of his right to appeal. State v. Sweet, 90 Wn.2d 282, 581 P.2d 579 (1978). Under Const, art. 1, § 22 (amend. 10) the accused in criminal prosecutions
In view of our holding that compelling or extraordinary circumstances exist which required an extension of time to the defendant for filing a notice of appeal, it is not necessary for us to consider that constitutional issue. While certainly a strong argument could be made that the State did not show a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to appeal, the cases in which the courts have applied Sweet have all involved felony convictions. While Lewis was not charged with a felony, the maximum penalty is rather substantial and application of Sweet could perhaps be justified. However, we decline at this time to address that issue.
Petrich, J., concurs.
Paragraph 8 entitled "Appeal" stated:
"If found guilty after pleading not guilty, you may appeal to the Superior Court.
"To appeal you must file a notice of appeal in the Superior Court within fourteen (14) days after the entry of final decision, and deliver a copy to the prosecuting attorney and to this Dist. Court.
"You must diligently prosecute your appeal to avoid its dismissal."
The defendant's signature appeared below the date of "5/24/82" and a statement that read, "I have read and understand my rights stated hereon." The words "Not Guilty" are also written beside the defendant's signature as well as the signature of R. A. Jandzinski, Judge. Our review of the record causes us to believe that R. A. Jandzinski is a District Court Commissioner of District One, Kitsap County.
The trial judge found Lewis guilty on June 30, 1982, and continued his sentencing to August 6,1982. He was released from custody after signing a promise to appear for sentencing. He failed to appear for his sentencing on August 6, 1982, and a warrant for his arrest was issued. The defendant was arrested and was in custody at the time of the October 11, 1982 sentencing.
In its brief, the State concedes that the October 25 notice of appeal was filed in the Superior Court on October 28, 1982. The State does not support this statement by any citation to the record and the notice of appeal does not contain any indication that it was so filed. However, our review of the record causes us to believe that it was attached to the order of District Court Judge Stephen Alexander appointing counsel, extending the period for filing appeal, setting bail, and waiving the statutory filing period. That order was time stamped by the clerk of Kitsap County Superior Court on October 28, 1982.
RALJ 2.6(a), which describes the content of the notice of appeal generally indicates that a notice of appeal "should” designate the claimed errors. That rule references RALJ 2.6(c) "Designation of Claimed Errors" which uses the language "notice of appeal shall include a statement of the errors . . ." (Italics ours.) See also RALJ 2.6(f).
"Date of entry" is defined in RALJ 2.5(b), which reads: "If the final decision is by a writing signed by the court of limited jurisdiction, the date of entry is the date of delivery of the writing signed by the judge to the clerk for filing." Our review of the record discloses no writing signed by the judge in the nature of a judgment and sentence. The clerk's papers contains an order of commitment signed on October 11, 1982, which was the date of sentencing. The commitment order refers to the fact that the defendant was sentenced, and for purposes of the opinion we will treat this date as the "date of entry."
RCW 3.02.020, which governs review of proceedings in courts of limited jurisdiction provides:
"Review of the proceedings in a court of limited jurisdiction shall be by the superior court, the procedure for which may be established by supreme court rule."
RALJ 5.1 provides in part:
"The proceedings in a court of limited jurisdiction shall be recorded by electronic means ..."
CrR 7.2(b), the corresponding rule relating to advice of appeal rights in superior court criminal cases, indicates that the court shall advise the defendant "at the time of sentencing. ”
9The record does not indicate whether the district court judge, Stephen Alexander, found "compelling or extraordinary circumstances" when he granted two extensions to the defendant for filing his notice of appeal. However, as we have observed, such circumstances existed.
Although we have found that "compelling or extraordinary circumstances" dictate an extension of the filing period in this case, we note that an alternative basis for reversing the dismissal may exist. In Weeks v. Chief of Wash. State Patrol, 96 Wn.2d 893, 896, 639 P.2d 732 (1982), a notice of appeal was filed within the period prescribed by rule, in that case RAP 5.2(a), but in the wrong court. The Supreme Court stated that " [ajpplying strict form would defeat the purpose of the rules to 'promote justice and facilitate the decision on the merits.'" See RAP 1.2(a) and corresponding RALJ 1.2(a).
The offense of driving while license suspended is punishable by a jail term up to 1 year under RCW 46.20.416.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.