Pollard v. Weyerhaeuser Co.
Pollard v. Weyerhaeuser Co.
Opinion of the Court
In this workers’ compensation case, the question is whether the Department of Labor and Industries (DLI) may treat noise-related hearing loss not causally related to earlier noise-related hearing loss as a separate and distinct occupational disease. Answering yes, we affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to the worker and DLI.
From 1961 to 2000, Scott Pollard worked for Weyer-haeuser as a log truck driver. He was routinely exposed to hazardous noise.
In the late 1970s, Pollard noticed that his hearing had declined. He saw a doctor, who diagnosed nerve damage in his ears.
In 1982, Pollard was diagnosed with a 10 percent hearing loss. Also in 1982, he filed a claim for worker’s compensation. DLI allowed the claim and made a permanent partial disability award equal to 10 percent complete hearing loss in both ears. DLI calculated the award using the schedule of benefits that was effective from 1979 to 1986. No one appealed.
In 1999, Pollard filed another workers’ compensation claim. By then, according to another audiogram, his hearing loss was 45.9 percent. DLI allowed the claim and made a permanent partial disability award equal to 35.9 percent complete hearing loss in both ears (45.9 percent minus the 10 percent loss for which Pollard had been compensated in 1982). DLI calculated the award using the 1999 schedule of benefits.
Weyerhaeuser appealed the award to the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals. It claimed that DLI should have used the 1979 schedule of benefits that was in effect when, in 1982, Pollard first sought treatment for noise-related hearing loss.
An industrial appeals judge (IAJ) held a hearing at which Pollard called Dr. Alan Langman and Weyerhaeuser called Dr. William Ritchie. Dr. Langman testified that Pollard suffered from noise-induced hearing loss. That type of hearing loss is caused by repeated exposure to sound levels between 85 and 140 decibels. It progressively weakens and finally kills the tiny hairs in the ear. It “stops progressing” when the person ceases to be exposed to hazardous noise, and it remains static or plateaus “[a]ssuming that [the person is] no longer exposed to the noise.”
In a proposed decision and order, the IAJ found that Pollard had suffered a 45.9 percent hearing loss. All of it was due to workplace noise, and all but 10 percent of it was due to post-1982 workplace noise. None of it was due to age alone. The present proceeding “originate[d] out of the claimant’s 1998 claim for benefits,” which was “an entirely separate claim for benefits, a separate exposure, and separate impairment from [his] 1982 claim.”
Weyerhaeuser appealed to the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals (Board), which by split decision reversed the IAJ’s proposed decision and order. Under RCW 51.32.180(b), the applicable benefits schedule is the one in effect on “the date the disease requires medical treatment or becomes totally or partially disabling, whichever occurs first, and without regard to the date of the contraction of the disease or the date of filing the claim.” Characterizing hearing loss as a single ongoing disease, and holding that Pollard had first sought treatment for that disease in 1979, the Board concluded that DLI should have used the benefits schedule in effect in 1979. Alternatively, the Board concluded that by virtue of res judicata, DLI should have used the same benefits schedule it had used to calculate the 1982 award. The 1979 benefits schedule was in effect in both 1979 and 1982, so either alternative produced the same result.
Pollard and DLI appealed to the superior court. Weyerhaeuser continued to claim that DLI should have used the 1979 schedule of benefits. Based on Boeing Co. v.
During the pendency of this appeal, the Board reconsidered its decision in this case, using a different case with similar facts. In In re Brooks,
The question on appeal is whether DLI should have calculated Pollard’s award using the 1979 benefits schedule or the 1994 benefits schedule. RCW 51.32.180 provides in part:
*512 Every worker who suffers disability from an occupational disease in the course of employment. . . shall receive the same compensation benefits ... as would be paid and provided for a worker injured or killed in employment under this title, except as follows: . . . (b) for claims filed on or after July 1, 1988, the rate of compensation for occupational diseases shall be established as of the date the disease requires medical treatment or becomes totally or partially disabling, whichever occurs first, and without regard to the date of the contraction of the disease or the date of filing the claim.
The dispute in this case concerns whether Pollard’s noise-related hearing loss is properly characterized as one or two occupational diseases. Weyerhaeuser argues that Pollard’s pre-1982 and post-1982 exposures were part of the same ongoing disease; that both were compensable under the 1979 benefits schedule; and that DLI erred by applying the 1994 benefits schedule to the post-1982 exposures. Pollard and DLI argue that Pollard’s post-1982 hearing loss would have occurred even without his pre-1982 hearing loss; that his pre-1982 hearing loss would have occurred even without his post-1982 hearing loss; that the later loss is properly viewed as a separate and distinct occupational disease for which Pollard first sought treatment in 1994; and thus that DLI properly applied the 1994 benefits schedule to his later loss.
We agree with Pollard, DLI, the Board in Brooks, and the superior court. As the West Virginia Supreme Court has said:
[Ojnce noise exposure stops, so does the progression of the hearing loss unless other factors are involved. Damage to hearing is permanent: Once the hair cells in the cochlea are destroyed, the cells cannot be rejuvenated. Thus, once the damage is done, one’s hearing can get neither better nor worse because of noise exposure.[10 ]
Weyerhaeuser argues that RCW 51.32.180(b)’s “focus on the disease necessitates consideration of its nature and characteristics,”
Weyerhaeuser argues that RCW 51.32.180(b) “is not ambiguous” and “provides one schedule of benefits” for noise-related hearing loss.
Weyerhaeuser hypothesizes two workers, each of whom “sustain [s] progressively increasing hearing loss while working 20 years for the same employer,” and asserts that DLI’s construction of RCW 51.32.180(b) will “disadvantage[ ]” one.
Weyerhaeuser argues that no one appealed the 1982 award, which used the 1979 benefits schedule; that Pollard is presently reasserting the same claim; and thus that res judicata precludes DLI from now applying a benefits schedule other than the 1979 one. Res judicata, however, applies only when the claim presently being asserted is the same as a claim that was previously presented and resolved.
As DLI correctly points out, RCW 51.16.040 tends to support our conclusions here. The statute requires that benefits for occupational diseases be paid in the same manner as benefits for industrial injuries. When two injuries occur, each unrelated to the other, the rights of the claimant are governed by the law in force on each date of injury.
Before closing, we caution that our resolution of this case turns on the specific nature of noise-related hearing loss. We have not considered other occupational diseases, or even other kinds of hearing loss, and our opinion may not be applicable to those situations. Omitting arguments that clearly lack merit or that need not be reached, we conclude
Affirmed.
Bridgewater and Van Deren, JJ., concur.
Review denied at 154 Wn.2d 1014 (2005).
3 Report of Proceedings (RP) at 343.
Clerk’s Papers at 96.
147 Wn.2d 78, 88-89, 51 P.3d 793 (2002).
In re Brooks, No. 02 17331 Bd. of Indus. Ins. Appeals (BIIA) (Aug. 1, 2003).
Brooks, at 4.
Brooks, at 3.
Brooks, at 4.
Brooks, at 2.
Brooks, at 4.
Blackburn v. Workers’ Comp. Div., 212 W. Va. 838, 847, 575 S.E.2d 597 (2002).
See, e.g., CP at 93 (“typically, once the person is removed from the noxious element, in this case noise, the hearing loss will stop progressing”); 3 RP at 341, 343.
Br. of Appellant at 11.
Br. of Appellant at 12 (emphasis added).
See Br. of Appellant at 14.
Br. of Appellant at 17.
RCW 51.12.010.
Br. of Appellant at 18.
Cf. Harris v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 120 Wn.2d 461, 472-73, 843 P.2d 1056 (1993) .
Karniss v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 39 Wn.2d 898, 900-01, 239 P.2d 555 (1952).
Seattle Sch. Dist. No. 1 v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 116 Wn.2d 352, 358, 804 P.2d 621 (1991).
Kilpatrick v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 125 Wn.2d 222, 231, 883 P.2d 1370 (1994).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Scott T. Pollard v. Weyerhaeuser Company
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- 8 cases
- Status
- Published