Powell v. Associated Counsel
Powell v. Associated Counsel
Opinion of the Court
¶1
— On February 14, 2005, we reversed the trial court’s order dismissing Clint Powell’s legal malpractice claim against the attorneys who represented him in a criminal matter.
I
¶2 While represented by attorneys employed by Associated Counsel for the Accused, Powell pleaded guilty to solicitation to deliver a material in lieu of a controlled substance, in violation of RCW 69.50.401(2)(c). This offense is a gross misdemeanor, for which the maximum term of confinement is one year. But at the sentencing hearing,
¶3 After his release, Powell filed a complaint against his attorneys, alleging legal malpractice and claiming damages for the amount of time that he was incarcerated in excess of the 12 months allowed by law. The defendants moved to dismiss under CR 12(b)(6), arguing that Powell could not maintain a criminal legal malpractice claim because he failed to allege and could not prove his innocence as required by Falkner. The trial court granted the defense motion, dismissing Powell’s complaint with prejudice.
¶4 Powell appealed, arguing that Falkner and its progeny are distinguishable. We agreed, reversed the court’s order of dismissal, and remanded the case for reinstatement of Powell’s legal malpractice claim.
II
¶5 We review de novo a trial court’s decision to dismiss a complaint under CR 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim for which relief may be granted.
¶6 In Falkner, this court held that in addition to the elements of a civil legal malpractice claim, a plaintiff alleging legal malpractice occurring during representation in a criminal matter must (1) establish postconviction relief and (2) demonstrate his innocence by a preponderance of the evidence.
¶7 But neither Falkner nor Ang requires dismissal of Powell’s complaint. In those cases, the plaintiffs’ allegations of malpractice stemmed from the defendants’ representation during the guilt or innocence phase of the plaintiffs’ criminal trials.
¶8 In Ang, the court explained that proving actual innocence is necessary to establish causation:
Unless criminal malpractice plaintiffs can prove by a preponderance of the evidence their actual innocence of the charges, their own bad acts, not the alleged negligence of defense counsel, should be regarded as the cause in fact of their harm. Likewise, if criminal malpractice plaintiffs cannot prove their actual innocence under the civil standard, they will be unable to establish, in light of significant public policy considerations, that the alleged negligence of their defense counsel was the legal cause of their harm.[9 ]
Powell will not face the same challenges in establishing causation. He served the maximum sentence for the crime he committed. The harm caused by his unlawful restraint was not the direct consequence of his own bad act.
¶[10 Powell will not benefit from his own bad act. He paid for his crime by serving the maximum prison sentence that could be lawfully imposed. His unlawful restraint beyond that period was not a consequence of his own actions.
fll Powell’s legal malpractice action does not discount or compete with the procedural protections afforded by our criminal justice system. Powell secured his release from unlawful restraint using criminal justice procedures. However, the criminal justice system provides no remedy for the harm Powell suffered by serving eight months longer than the crime required.
¶12 Permitting Powell’s lawsuit will not have a chilling effect on the defense bar. Powell’s claim presents an allegation of particularly egregious attorney negligence — failure to advise the court that it was sentencing Powell for a felony when he committed a misdemeanor.
¶13 This is not a situation where the guilty criminal simply “ ‘could have gotten a better deal.’ ”
¶15 Powell’s case is more akin to that of an innocent person wrongfully convicted than of a guilty person attempting to take advantage of his own wrongdoing. Therefore, under the facts of this case, we adopt a very limited exception to the rule requiring proof of actual innocence in a legal malpractice case stemming from a criminal matter.
¶16 Reversed and remanded.
Agid and Becker, JJ., concur.
Motion for reconsideration granted and opinion amended September 7, 2006.
Respondent Eppler’s motion for reconsideration denied September 7, 2006.
Powell v. Associated Counsel for the Accused, 125 Wn. App. 773, 106 P.3d 271 (2005).
108 Wn. App. 113, 29 P.3d 771 (2001).
154 Wn.2d 477, 114 P.3d 637 (2005).
Powell, 125 Wn. App. at 778.
Reid v. Pierce County, 136 Wn.2d 195, 200-01, 961 P.2d 333 (1998).
Falkner, 108 Wn. App. at 123.
Ang, 154 Wn.2d at 486. Legal innocence, which pertains to innocence that is determined by the trier of fact in a criminal trial, is different than actual innocence. Actual innocence is determined by a preponderance of the evidence by the trier of fact during the civil malpractice trial. Ang, 154 Wn.2d at 484.
Ang, 154 Wn.2d at 480 (alleging malpractice against the defendants for recommending that the plaintiffs accept a plea agreement, although the government had not met its burden of proof and the plaintiffs received no material benefit); Falkner, 108 Wn. App. at 116-17 (alleging malpractice against his former attorney after plaintiff’s conviction was vacated due to ineffective assistance of counsel).
Ang, 154 Wn.2d at 485.
Ang, 154 Wn.2d at 484-85 (citing Falkner, 108 Wn. App. at 123-24).
We note that the challenged ruling was in response to a CR 12(b)(6) motion, so the allegations in the complaint have not been tested. They are simply allegations.
Ang, 154 Wn.2d at 485 (quoting Falkner, 108 Wn. App. at 123-24).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Clint L. Powell v. Associated Counsel for the Accused
- Cited By
- 10 cases
- Status
- Published