Dantas Da Costa v. Mayorkas

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 9 AT TACOMA 11 FRANCISCO CANINDE DANTAS DA CASE NO. 3:22-cv-05766-TL COSTA, 12 ORDER OF DISMISSAL Petitioner, 13 v. 14 ALEJANDRO MAYORKAS, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Respondent.

17 This matter is before the Court on its own motion. On October 11, 2022, Petitioner Francisco Caninde Dantas Da Costa filed a proposed complaint styled as a Motion for Cancellation of Removal. Dkt. No. 1. After receiving notice from the Clerk of the Court and being ordered by the Court to show cause for failing to pay the filing fee, Mr. Da Costa filed an application to proceed in forma pauperis (Dkt. No. 4), which was granted (Dkt. No. 5). His Complaint against Respondent Alejandro Mayorkas, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, seeking cancellation of removal was entered on the docket on January 3, 2023. Dkt. No. 6. Having reviewed Mr. Da Costa’s purported Complaint, the Court finds that it lacks jurisdiction to hear Mr. Da Costa’s challenge to his removal and deportation. The Court therefore DISMISSES WITHOUT PREJUDICE Petitioner’s Complaint.

3 The Court’s authority to grant in forma pauperis status derives from 28 U.S.C. § 1915.

4 Upon permitting a party to proceed in forma pauperis, the Court is subject to the requirements set forth under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Among these requirements is the Court’s duty to dismiss the case if the Court determines that the Petitioner fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); see also Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 2000) (“[S]ection 1915(e) applies to all in forma pauperis complaints, not just those filed by prisoners”). Additionally, the Court has an independent duty to ensure subject matter jurisdiction. See United Investors Life Ins. Co. v. Waddell & Reed, Inc., 360 F.3d 960, 967 (9th Cir. 2004) (“[A] district court ha[s] a duty to establish subject matter jurisdiction . . .whether the parties raised the issue or not.”); Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3) (“If the court determines at any time that it lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action.”). Federal courts are presumed to lack subject matter jurisdiction over a case, and the burden of showing otherwise rests on the party asserting jurisdiction. Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 16 375, 377 (1994). “Ordinarily, a court cannot issue a ruling on the merits ‘when it has no jurisdiction’ because ‘to do so is, by very definition, for a court to act ultra vires,’” or outside its powers. Brownback v. King, 141 S. Ct. 740, 749 (2021) (quoting Steel Co. v. Citizens for Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 89 (1998)).

20 “The legal standard for dismissing a complaint for failure to state a claim under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as when ruling on dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).” Day v. Florida, 2014 WL 1412302, at *4 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 10, 2014) (citing Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1129). Rule 12(b)(6) requires courts to assume the truth of factual allegations and credit all reasonable inferences arising from those allegations. Sanders v. Brown, 504 F.3d 903, 910 (9th Cir. 2007). Petitioner must plead factual allegations that “state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). Where a petitioner proceeds pro se, courts must construe the complaint liberally. Johnson v. Lucent Techs. Inc., 653 F.3d 1000, 1011 (9th Cir. 2011) (citing Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010)). However, a court “should not supply essential elements of the [pro se] claim that were not initially pled.” E.g., Henderson v. Anderson, 2019 WL 3996859, at *1 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 23, 2019) (internal citation and quotation omitted); see also Khalid v. Microsoft Corp., 409 8 F. Supp. 3d 1023, 1031 (W.D. Wash. 2019) (“[C]ourts should not have to serve as advocates for pro se litigants.” (quoting Noll v. Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446, 1448 (9th Cir. 1987))).

10 Mr. Da Costa claims that he was improperly deported on November 2, 2017, even though he “has no criminal history and is in the process of a Family Petition I-130 that has been approved.” See Dkt. No. 6 at 2. He seeks cancellation of removal per Niz-Chavez v. Garland, 141 13 S. Ct. 1474 (2021). Id. He asserts that cancellation is warranted because the Notice to Appear he received from the Department of Homeland Security was deficient. Id. The Court therefore construes Mr. Da Costa’s request for relief as a challenge to his removal pursuant to a final order of deportation or removal.

17 “The exclusive means to challenge an order of removal is the petition for review process.” Martinez v. Napolitano, 704 F.3d 620, 622 (9th Cir. 2012). The REAL ID Act eliminated district court habeas corpus jurisdiction over final orders of deportation or removal, and vested jurisdiction to review such orders exclusively in the courts of appeals. 8 U.S.C. § 21 1252(a)(5) (“a petition for review filed with an appropriate court of appeals in accordance with this section shall be the sole and exclusive means for judicial review of an order of removal.”

23 (emphasis added)). See also Nasrallah v. Barr, 140 S. Ct. 1683, 1690 (2020) (“The REAL ID Act clarified that final orders of removal may not be reviewed in district courts, even via habeas corpus, and may be reviewed only in the courts of appeals.”). Mr. Da Costa cites Niz-Chavez in support of his request to cancel his removal but that petition was filed before the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, and not the district court, as required by the REAL ID Act. See Niz-Chavez v. Barr, 789 F. App'x 523, 526 (6th Cir. 2019), rev'd sub nom. Niz-Chavez v. Garland, 141 S. Ct. 5 1474 (2021). Likewise, Mr. Da Costa must file his petition with the appropriate circuit court of appeals and not with the district court.

7 The Court therefore ORDERS Petitioner’s Complaint (Dkt. No. 6) DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE because it lacks jurisdiction to hear his challenge to his removal.

9 Dated this 27th day of April 2023.

A Tana Lin United States District Judge