The opinion of the court was delivered by

This action was. brought under § 5549-5551, Bal. Code. The complaint alleges, in substance, that the plaintiff was the lawful owner of the lands described; that the defendant, without having title or color of title, wrongfully and unlawfully entered upon said premises; that on May 13, 1899, plaintiff caused notice in writing to he served upon defendant, demanding possession of said property, and requiring defendant to remove therefrom; that defendant- refused and failed to remove therefrom, although more than three days have *437elapsed. Appended to said complaint, and made a' part thereof, was an abstract of plaintiff’s title. Defendant, in his answer, denied that plaintiff was the owner of the lands, or entitled to the possession thereof, or any part thereof, or had any right thereto; admitted the service of the notice and refusal to vacate, but made no reference to the, abstract; and as an affirmative defense, among other things, alleged that the lands described were on August 1, 1893, public lands of the United States, subject to homestead entry, and that defendant, being a qualified homesteader under the laws of the United States, on said date entered said land as such homesteader, and ever since has occupied, and resided thereon and cultivated the same, claiming the same as a homesteader thereof. Plaintiff thereupon filed his reply, denying the allegations of new matter set out in the answer. The cause came on regularly for trial before a jury on the issues thus made. The plaintiff, to sustain his case, offered in evidence an abstract of title to said premises, certified by the PidelitySecurity Abstract Company to be a full and complete abstract of all instruments in writing recorded or filed for record in the office of the county auditor of Pierce c-ounty, Washington. This abstract was by the court, over defendant’s objection, admitted in evidence. Plaintiff then introduced a sheriff’s deed in foreclosure, connecting plaintiff with the last grantee named in said abstract, and, after offering the notice named in the complaint, rested his case, whereupon defendant moved the court for a nonsuit against plaintiff for the reason that there was no legal evidence that plaintiff was the owner of the property described. This motion being denied, defendant declined to proceed further, and judgment was thereupon entered for plaintiff. The defendant appeals.

*438Subsequent to the entry of the judgment, other questions were raised and argued on this appeal, but it is not necessary to a determination of the case that these questions be now considered. It was manifestly error of the court to allow the abstract to be admitted in evidence to prove title in the plaintiff. There is no rule of law which permits a public record to be proved by the certificate of any other person than the officer having such record in his possession. See § 6046, Bal. Code. The fact that the statute requires an abstract of plaintiff’s title to be embodied in the complaint, or appended thereto, does not change the rule in this regard. The defendant by his answer, had denied that plaintiff was the owner of the premises, and had set up facts which, if true, showed that he had a lawful claim to the possession of the premises. It was therefore incumbent up.on plaintiff to prove by competent evidence that he was the owner.

Counsel for respondent argues that, because defendant did not deny the abstract of title, it was therefore admitted to be true. If this position is correct, it was not necessary to offer it in evidence. The abstract of title could do no more than show the line of plaintiff’s title, and, when the fact that plaintiff was the owner was specifically denied, it was not an admission to fail to deny the abstract, or the paragraph which referred to the abstract as appended to the complaint. The denial that plaintiff was the owner or entitled to the possession necessarily denied the abstract, which simply showed the chain of title by which plaintiff claimed. By the twelfth paragraph in the answer of defendant it is admitted that a patent to the lands in question was issued by the United States to the Tacoma Land Company. This paragraph also alleged that- this patent was and is null, void, and of no effect. ^Respondent now claims that the said answer, *439taken as a whole, is one of confession and avoidance, and that therefore the burden of proof was upon defendant. We do not so read the answer. The effect of this paragraph is to deny plaintiff’s title. The other parts of the answer stoutly deny that plaintiff has or ever had any title or right of possession. The gist of the pleadings is that by the complaint the title is in plaintiff. By the answer, the title is in the United States, and defendant is in lawful possession. It is therefore the duty of the plaintiff to prove his title by competent proof.

The cause will he reversed and remanded, with in-' structions to the lower court to grant a new trial. The costs of this appeal in favor of appellant.

Beavis, C. J., and Dunbar, Fullerton, Anders, White, and Hadley, JJ., concur.