Price v. Humptulips Driving Co.
Price v. Humptulips Driving Co.
Opinion of the Court
This is an action in equity wherein the plaintiffs seek to enjoin the defendants from creating artificial freshets in the Humptulips river, and to prevent the change of the channel of that river and to restrain the defendants from trespassing upon plain
The Humptulips river rises in the Olympic mountains and, by a tortuous channel through heavily timbered country, reaches Grays Harbor. The Hump-tulips is a meandered stream and, in its natural state, was floatable for logs. In 1900, the defendant incorporated as a public service corporation for the purpose of driving logs down the Humptulips river, past and through the lands involved in this proceeding. Within the statutory time, it filed in the office of the secretary of state the required plat and notice. In 1903, it had finished a splash dam on one of the branches of the river several miles above the plaintiffs’ land. This dam has been continuously used since that time. In 1907, another splash dam was completed upon the other branch of the river also several miles above the plaintiffs’ property, and likewise this dam has been in continuous operation since its completion. By means of these two dams, the waters of the river were impounded and artificial freshets were created to assist in driving logs down the river. These artificial freshets have added to the natural erosion created by the current and have caused the river to encroach upon the plaintiffs ’ adjacent land. The defendant, since 1900, has been upon the river, improving the channel, straightening its course, removing rocks and obstructions, and doing other things necessary to facilitate the driving of logs, and in doing this has gone upon the banks of the river and has used donkey engines thereon for the purpose of sacking logs. All these things were necessary to the successful driving of the stream, and have been done for more than ten years prior to the commencement of this suit.
The trial court denied the injunction on the ground that the defendant is a public service corporation, performing a public function, and that it had taken the lands of the plaintiffs for its corporate purposes, and that the taking had been complete for many years, and therefore the plaintiffs were not entitled to equitable relief. The court also found against the defendant’s claim of• prescriptive easement.
Without a minute or detailed review of the testimony upon which the lower court came to the conclusion concerning the use of the plaintiffs’ land by the defendant’s employees and machinery, and the encroachment upon the banks by the additional erosion caused by the artificial freshets, it is enough to say that a consideration of the testimony satisfies us that the trial court arrived at a proper conclusion and was correct in holding that the defendant’s claim of prescriptive right could not be sustained. The testimony satisfies us that the acts done by the defendant were done with the permission and the active acquiescence of the plaintiffs
“The land owner need do nothing before his property has been condemned by a municipal or public service corporation.”
See, also, State ex rel. Smith v. Superior Court, 26 Wash. 278, 66 Pac. 385; Nicomen Boom Company v. North Shore etc. Co., 40 Wash. 315, 82 Pac. 412.
The filing of the notice and plat gave the defendant only the prior right of location on this stream for driving and booming purposes, and did not start the statute of limitations running against the plaintiffs or their predecessors or initiate any right in hostility to their title.
We do not agree, however, with the trial court in holding that this case falls within the operation of the rule announced where public service corporations, having taken possession of private property and constructed thereon improvements to be used in carrying on of public service, have been allowed to continue in the use of the property, and the property owner has been denied injunctive relief and the corporation has been compelled to proceed to condemn. Kakeldy v. Columbia & Puget Sound R. Co., 37 Wash. 675, 80 Pac. 205; Domrese v. Roslyn, 89 Wash. 106, 154 Pac. 140; Habermann v. Ellensburg etc. Co., 100 Wash. 229, 170 Pac. 571; Irwin
Here we have a situation where for twenty years the plaintiffs and their predecessors had notice that the defendant was using the stream in the exercise of its
In 1909, the Lytle Logging & Mercantile Company, in an action against the defendant, reported in 60 Wash. 559, 111 Pac. 774, sought damages for changing the course of the river across a portion of the land involved in this suit. That action, by its complaint, sought damages for future as well as past erosions to the portion of the land, but the judgment does not disclose whether future erosions were compensated for. If they were, the plaintiffs, of course, cannot again recover for them, and all the lands affected should have been included in that action. Kline v. Stein, 46 Wash. 546, 90 Pac. 1041, 123 Am. St. 940; Collins v. Gleason, 47 Wash. 62, 91 Pac. 566, 125 Am. St. 891; Brechlin v. Night Hawk Mining Co., 49 Wash. 198, 94 Pac. 928, 126 Am. St. 863. In any event, having then elected to proceed at law, and the use of the river being the same now as it was at the time the suit was begun in 1909, it would be inequitable to now compel the defendant to stop its continued use.
As the trial court said: “the large cost of defendant’s dams, large quantities of logs in the river requiring immediate transmission, are elements which the court should consider in granting or refusing an injunction. While the holding is that the action of the defendant had been by sufferance, nevertheless, the plaintiffs have endured the same for a long period and should not now be allowed to peremptorily interrupt
“The equitable-doctrine of acquiescence is freely applied to cases involving eminent domain rights. The underlying principle of the constitutional provisions allowing the taking of private property is that it is to he devoted to public use. Hence, when a landowner stands by until the public has acquired an interest in the use, there is strong reason for applying the doctrine, in addition to the familiar grounds covering its application to other cases. The United States supreme court in a recent case has laid down the rule in no uncertain language : ‘If one, aware of the situation, believes he has certain legal rights, and desires to insist upon them, he should do so promptly. If by his declarations or conduct he leads the other party to believe that he does not propose to rest upon such rights, but is willing to waive them for a just compensation, and the other party proceeds at great expense in the expectation that payment of a fair compensation will be accepted and the right waived—especially if it is in respect to a matter which will largely affect the public convenience and welfare—a court of equity may properly refuse to enforce those rights, and, in the absence of an agreement for compensation, compel him to submit the determination of the amount thereof to an impartial tribunal.’ Accordingly, when a landowner stands by and makes no attempt to enjoin a railroad company from building over Ms land until large expenditures have been made, or the road has been completed, injunctive relief will be denied, and the party will be left to his remedy at law for damages. The same principle applies to the laying of pipes or to- a taking for any other public use. And although permission is granted to take upon the distinct understanding that compensation is to he made, an injunction will not issue, after the work has been done, for the purpose of enforcing payment. The doctrine also applies to cases
See, also, McCarthy v. Bunker Hill etc. Co., 164 Fed. 927; 22 Cyc. 778, 784; Hardin v. Olympic Portland Cement Co., 89 Wash. 320, 154 Pac. 450; Woodard v. West Side Mill Co., 43 Wash. 308, 86 Pac. 579.
“An injunction is an extraordinary remedy, and does not follow as of right even when a case of wrongful act is made out on one side and consequent injury on the other. In equity a decree is of grace rather than of right, and the court will always consider whether it will not do a greater injury by enjoining an act than would result from permitting the act to continue and leaving the party injured to his remedy in damages.” Ferry-Leary Land Co. v. Holt & Jeffery, 53 Wash. 584, 102 Pac. 445.
For the reason that we find no equity in the plaintiffs ’ action, it is dismissed. The judgment of the lower court is affirmed.
Parker, C. J., Fullerton, Tolman, Mitchell, and Main, JJ., concur.
Bridges, J., took no part.
Reference
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- Waters and Water Courses (58)—Prescription—Adverse Character of Appropriation. The filing by a public service corporation with the secretary of state of the plat and notice required by law showing that it was organized for the purpose of driving logs in a certain river was not sufficient to initiate an adverse claim or assertion of a legal right necessary to the support of prescriptive title. Injunction (10, 11, 43)—Defenses—Laches—Inconvenience to Public. Where plaintiffs acquiesced for a long series of years in the use by a public service corporation of splash dams to produce artificial freshets, the plaintiffs themselves making use of the freshets for the same purpose, and having knowledge that such use of the stream caused erosion of their lands, their application to enjoin further use of the stream by defendant should be denied, since injunctive relief would cause serious public inconvenience and loss without corresponding advantage to plaintiffs.