State v. Hubbard
State v. Hubbard
Concurring Opinion
¶ 23 I join the majority in concluding that the effective date of a certificate of discharge is the date an individual becomes eligible for *1197discharge by completion of all requirements of his or her sentence. I write separately only to note that trial courts would be well advised to explore procedures to notify individuals, at the time of sentencing, of the requirements and process for obtaining a certificate of discharge.
González, J.
Opinion of the Court
¶ 1 After completing all requirements of a criminal sentence, an offender is entitled to a certificate of discharge (COD). RCW 9.94A.637. RCW 9.94A.637 provides a framework for the process of discharge, which varies based on whether the offender is under Department of Corrections (DOC) custody at the time the sentence is completed. If an offender is under DOC custody, DOC is *1193required to notify the sentencing court that the offender has completed the sentence and is eligible for discharge. RCW 9.94A.637(1)(a). However, if an offender is not under DOC custody at the time of completion, the offender is responsible for notifying the sentencing court that he or she has completed the requirements of the sentence, except for the financial obligations, which are processed by the court clerk. RCW 9.94A.637(1)(c).
¶ 2 We must determine whether a COD issued to an offender who is not under DOC custody is effective as of the date the offender completed all terms of the sentence or the date the court received notice that the offender completed all terms of the sentence. We hold that the effective date of a certificate of discharge must be the date the offender completed all the terms of the sentence.
LEGAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND
I. Certificate of Discharge
¶ 3 A COD issued by the sentencing court under RCW 9.94A.637 confirms that an offender has completed all felony sentence conditions, restores most of the offender's civil rights lost due to the conviction, and terminates the sentencing court's jurisdiction to enforce the requirements of the sentence.
When an offender who is subject to requirements of the sentence in addition to the payment of legal financial obligations either is not subject to supervision by the department or does not complete the requirements while under supervision of the department, it is the offender's responsibility to provide the court with verification of the completion of the sentence conditions other than the payment of legal financial obligations. When the offender satisfies all legal financial obligations under the sentence, the county clerk shall notify the sentencing court that the legal financial obligations have been satisfied. When the court has received both notification from the clerk and adequate verification from the offender that the sentence requirements have been completed, the court shall discharge the offender and provide the offender with a certificate of discharge by issuing the certificate to the offender in person or by mailing the certificate to the offender's last known address.
The State argues that the effective date of a COD issued under this subsection must be the date the court received notice that the offender had completed all terms of the sentence. Hubbard argues that the effective date of a COD issued under this subsection must be the date the offender completed all terms of the sentence.
¶ 4 The effective date of a COD is significant for offenders who committed crimes that are eligible to be vacated.
II. Facts and Procedural History
¶ 5 In 2004, Waylon James Hubbard pleaded guilty to second degree possession of stolen property, a class C felony. Hubbard was sentenced to a short term of confinement and 120 hours of community service, and was ordered to pay legal financial obligations (LFOs).
¶ 6 In 2005, Hubbard had served his jail time, and DOC terminated its supervision over him. By 2011, Hubbard had fulfilled his community service requirements. On February 25, 2013, Hubbard paid off his LFOs, and the superior court clerk closed the account receivable for Hubbard.
¶ 7 Thus, on February 25, 2013, Hubbard had completed all of the terms of his sentence-confinement, community service, and LFOs.
¶ 8 On April 6, 2016, Hubbard filed a petition for certificate and order of discharge under RCW 9.94A.637(1)(c). Hubbard asked that the effective date of his COD be the date that he satisfied all of the terms of his sentence-February 25, 2013. The State objected and argued that the court did not have the authority to enter an effective date that predated the date on which the court received notice that Hubbard completed his sentence.
¶ 9 The superior court granted Hubbard's request for an effective date of February 25, 2013, the date on which Hubbard completed all conditions of his sentence. Clerk's Papers at 31.
¶ 10 The State appealed. The Court of Appeals held that the proper effective date of a COD under subsection (1)(c) "is the date the superior court receives both notice from the county clerk that the offender has satisfied the financial obligations of the sentence and adequate verification from the offender that the offender has satisfied all other conditions of his or her sentence." State v. Hubbard,
¶ 11 Hubbard, now 38 years old, still lives in rural Pacific County where the unemployment rate is almost twice that of Washington State. Pet. for Review at 1. Hubbard committed this crime approximately 14 years ago and completed all terms of the sentence over 5 years ago. Regardless, Hubbard will continue to experience disqualifications from employment and housing, as well as other infirmities that interfere with his ability to reintegrate into society, until the conviction is vacated-a vacation to which Hubbard is entitled to under the laws of this state. RCW 9.94A.640.
¶ 12 We must determine the proper effective date of a COD issued to an offender who completed his sentence outside of DOC supervision. If the effective date of a COD is the date an offender completed the sentence, as Hubbard argues, then Hubbard would be eligible to vacate his conviction in February 2018-5 years after Hubbard completed his sentence and 14 years after he committed the crime. However, if the effective date of a COD is the date the sentencing court received notice that the sentence was complete, as the State argues, then Hubbard will not be eligible to vacate his conviction until April 6, 2021-8 years after Hubbard completed his sentence and 17 years after he committed the crime.
ANALYSIS
¶ 13 Determining the proper effective date of a COD issued under RCW 9.94A.637(1)(c) is a question of statutory interpretation, which we review de novo.
*1195State v. Donaghe,
I. RCW 9.94A.637
¶ 14 RCW 9.94A.637 provides the framework for the process of discharge. Under the statute, an offender becomes eligible for discharge when he or she "has completed all requirements of the sentence, including any and all legal financial obligations." RCW 9.94A.637(1)(a). However, "[t]he statute does not state the date on which the certificate is to be effective." State v. Johnson,
¶ 15 We note that in 2004, the legislature amended RCW 9.94A.637 by adding (1)(c), "AN ACT Relating to interest on legal financial obligations; and amending ... 9.94A.637 ...." SUBSTITUTE S.B. 5168, at 1, 58th Leg. Reg. Sess. (Wash. 2003). The 2004 final legislative report summarizes Substitute Senate Bill 5168 as "[a]uthorizing reduction of interest on legal financial obligations" for those "certain offenders [who] are subject to court ordered legal financial obligations." 2004 FINAL LEGISLATIVE REPORT , 58th Wash. Leg., at 118. Linder the 2004 subsection (1)(c) amendment, for purposes of seeking a COD, "it [became] the [non-DOC-supervised] offender's responsibility to provide the court" with verification of completed sentence requirements and the county clerk remained responsible for notifying the court of LFO completion "for the purpose of restoring the offender's civil rights."
¶ 16 Under subsection (1)(a), DOC is statutorily responsible for notifying the sentencing court that an offender under DOC supervision has completed all terms of the sentence. RCW 9.94A.637(1)(a).
¶ 17 The Court of Appeals recognized that the trial court "might not consider the notice or make the necessary factual findings on the day on which it received the notice, and might not issue a certificate until a later date" but held that "[t]he effective date of the certificate of discharge must be the date the court received notice that the terms of the sentence were satisfied."
*1196¶ 18 Offenders not under the custody or supervision of DOC must follow notification procedures that are different from those of offenders who are under DOC custody. Under subsection (1)(c), it is the offender who must provide verification to the court that the sentence conditions, other than payment of legal financial obligations, have been completed. RCW 9.94A.637(1)(c). Verification from an offender may involve significant delay, as it did here: offenders are left to navigate the complexities of the statute without understanding the process "and therefore frequently find themselves in a position whereby they have either been eligible to obtain a COD for a long time, or do not know the eligibility criteria." Mem. of Amici at 5. Thus, under subsection (1)(c), an effective date of a COD that reflects the date the court was notified may be significantly different from an effective date that reflects the date that the offender completed the sentence.
II. Under RCW 9.94A.637, the effective date of a COD is the date the offender becomes eligible for discharge
¶ 19 Hubbard convincingly argues that conditioning the effective date of a COD on the date the court received notice of eligibility may result in a significant disparity between offenders subject to subsection (1)(a) and those subject to (1)(c). Serious offenders who complete their sentences under DOC supervision have the benefit of near immediate notification to the court and discharge. RCW 9.94A.637(1)(a). Meanwhile, unsupervised offenders must navigate the notification process on their own. RCW 9.94A.637(1)(c). Years may pass between the date an offender is eligible for discharge and date the court receives notice of eligibility and issues the COD. With the benefit of nearly automatic notification and discharge, serious offenders under DOC custody may receive a COD long before offenders who were not subject to DOC supervision and thus must navigate the discharge process personally.
¶ 20 RCW 9.94A.637 is not intended to burden unsupervised defendants with significant delays in discharge simply because of their unsupervised status. Cf. State v. Neal,
CONCLUSION
¶ 21 We will not read into the statute an unintended consequence that results in grave disparities between the effective date of a COD issued under subsection (1)(a) and a COD issued under subsection (1)(c). See Neal,
¶ 22 We reverse the Court of Appeals and remand to the trial court for reinstatement of its certificate and order of discharge for Hubbard, dated effective February 25, 2013, and for other proceedings consistent with this opinion.
WE CONCUR.
Fairhurst, C.J.
Johnson, J.
Madsen, J.
Owens, J.
Stephens, J.
Gordon McCloud, J.
A COD does not restore an offender's right to possess firearms, which must be restored separately through the process outlined in RCW 9.41.047.
Violent offenses as defined in in RCW 9.94A.030, crimes against persons as defined in RCW 43.43.830, and offenses involving driving or being in control of a motor vehicle while under the influence as defined in RCW 46.61.502 and RCW 46.61.504 are not eligible to be vacated. RCW 9.94A.640(2)(b), (c), (g).
To be eligible, the offender must not have any pending criminal charges and must not have been convicted of any new crime since the date of discharge. RCW 9.94A.640(2)(a), (d).
Hubbard also challenged the Court of Appeals' decision on the grounds that delaying the effective date of his COD violates his protected liberty interest to pursue a chosen occupation. We accepted review of both issues. However, Hubbard did not brief the second issue and thus we do not address it. See Sprague v. Spokane Valley Fire Dep't,
Subsection (1)(a) states:
When an offender has completed all requirements of the sentence, including any and all legal financial obligations, and while under the custody and supervision of the department, the secretary or the secretary's designee shall notify the sentencing court, which shall discharge the offender and provide the offender with a certificate of discharge by issuing the certificate to the offender in person or by mailing the certificate to the offender's last known address.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. Waylon James HUBBARD, Petitioner.
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published