Labrec v. Meeker
Labrec v. Meeker
Opinion of the Court
Pro se plaintiff Matthew LaBrec is a prisoner housed at Columbia Correctional Institution, where the events relevant to this case took place. He alleges that, in January 2017, while he was in the restrictive housing unit, several prison staff members failed to stop him from engaging in self harm, in violation of the Eighth Amendment and state law. Specifically, he alleges that he "bit ... a large vein in his arm," which caused him to lose so much blood that he had to be taken to the hospital. Dkt. 1, ¶¶ 40-43.
Defendants have filed a motion for summary judgment on the ground that they were not on notice that LaBrec was likely to harm himself. Dkt. 48. But it is clear that defendants are not entitled to summary judgment on this ground. LaBrec has presented evidence that he told each of the defendants that he was going to try to kill himself, so I am denying defendants' motion.
Also before the court is LaBrec's motion for assistance in recruiting counsel. Dkt. 65. I am persuaded that the trial in this case will likely be too complex for LaBrec to handle on his own, so I will grant his motion.
ANALYSIS
LaBrec's federal claim is governed by the Eighth Amendment. To prevail on this claim, LaBrec must show three things: (1) there was a strong likelihood that he would seriously harm himself in the near future; (2) defendants knew of that strong likelihood; and (3) defendants consciously failed to take reasonable measures to prevent him from harming himself. Rice ex rel. Rice v. Corr. Med. Servs. ,
Neither side explains why LaBrec harmed himself. The question raised by defendants' motion is whether each defendant knew of a strong likelihood that he would do so. Because a reasonable jury could find that they did, I will deny defendants' motion for summary judgment.
LaBrec avers in his declaration and verified complaint that he provided notice to defendants (all prison staff members) in the following ways:
• at 2:30 p.m., LaBrec told defendant Michael Julson that he "felt like self harming," but Julson said he was *1042"busy" and walked away, Dkt. 64, ¶ 3;
• between 2:45 p.m. and 5:30 p.m., LaBrec showed all defendants except Jesse Beaver that that he had fashioned a noose from a towel; LaBrec gave the towel to an officer who is not a defendant, Dkt. 1, ¶¶ 20-21;
• at 5:30 p.m., LaBrec told Julson that he wanted to kill himself and "would not make it through the night," but Julson told LaBrec that he couldn't help, so LaBrec should "just hang in there until Monday," Dkt. 1, ¶¶ 22-23 and Dkt. 64, ¶ 13;
• LaBrec told Julson to "call an ambulance," and covered the window on his cell door, which was the only way staff could monitor him; LaBrec began biting his arm at that time, Dkt. 1, ¶ 24;
• at 6:30 p.m., while his window was still covered, LaBrec told Julson he was killing himself, but Julson walked away, Dkt. 64, ¶ 17;
• while defendants Dustin Meeker, Henry Hansen, Kevin Phillips, and Jonathan Korducki were outside his cell, LaBrec said things such as, "It's too late," "It's going to be bloody," and "I'm killing myself," Dkt. 1, ¶ 28; see also Dkt. 28, ¶¶ 3-6;
• when defendant Hansen asked LaBrec whether he wanted his medications, LaBrec said, "dead people don't need meds," Dkt. 1, ¶ 35;
• when defendants Meeker and Beaver asked LaBrec whether he wanted his medications, LaBrec said, "I don't need my meds, I'm killing myself"; Meeker said, "ok, sounds good,"id. , ¶ 38.
Defendants admit that LaBrec told each of them that he wanted to hurt or kill himself. Dkt. 70, ¶ 9. And the court of appeals has held repeatedly that statements that a prisoner is going to kill or seriously harm himself are sufficient to put prison staff on notice of a strong likelihood that a prisoner will engage in self harm. Miller v. Harbaugh ,
Defendants resist this conclusion for three reasons: (1) LaBrec "never told the defendants how he planned to" kill himself; (2) defendants did not believe that LaBrec had any property in his cell that he could use to harm himself; and (3) defendants did not actually see LaBrec biting his arm. Defendants are free to makes these arguments to the jury, but they do not entitle defendants to summary judgment.
Defendants' first contention-that they cannot be held liable if they did not know the particular way that LaBrec intended to harm himself-is frivolous. Cases such as Miller and Sanville do not require such specificity. In fact, the court of appeals has stated that "the vague nature of [a] complaint [may make] it even more incumbent on [a correctional officer] to investigate further." Velez v. Johnson ,
*1043was not made aware of a serious risk."). See also Rice ex rel. Rice v. Correctional Medical Services ,
In a case involving self harm, the important question is whether the prisoner communicated by his statements or actions a sincere intent to harm himself. How he plans to carry out his threat may be relevant in determining how staff should respond, but ignorance of the particular means of self harm is not ignorance that harm is likely to occur. In this case, defendants do not identify any reason why they would have believed that LaBrec did not mean to harm himself. It is undisputed that LaBrec has an "extensive history" of engaging in acts of self harm. Dkt. 70, ¶ 1.
Defendants' second contention-that LaBrec didn't have objects in his cell that he could use to harm himself-fails as well. As this case shows, a prisoner can harm himself in many ways. See Cavalieri v. Shepard ,
But even if I assume that defendants weren't aware of the possibility that LaBrec would bite himself, a reasonable jury could find that defendants were aware of a strong likelihood of harm. It is undisputed that LaBrec was not on a "sharps" restriction at the time, which means that he was allowed to have hard plastic hygiene items. Dkt. 70, ¶ 4. And even if LaBrec was not allowed to keep dangerous objects, this doesn't mean he didn't have them. He had previously cut himself with paint chips, Dkt. 70, ¶ 15, as well as staples, grout, caulking, eyeglasses, and pen inserts, Dkt. 64, ¶ 218.
LaBrec also could have obtained dangerous items from other prisoners. As Wisconsin prison officials have observed in other cases, even prisoners in segregation are able to obtain dangerous contraband. E.g. , Johnson v. Jess , No. 13-cv-113-wmc,
*1044Cherry v. Frank , No. 03-C-129-C,
All of this is to say is that it should have been obvious to defendants that LaBrec could have harmed himself even with restricted access to property. Farmer v. Brennan ,
Defendants' third contention-that they cannot be held liable because they didn't see LaBrec engaging in self harm-is frivolous as well. The test under the Eighth Amendment is whether the defendants were aware of a strong likelihood of serious harm, not whether they witnessed harm occurring. As noted above, LaBrec alleges that defendants couldn't see him engaging in self harm because he had covered the only view into his cell. Thus, adopting defendants' view would allow prison staff to simply bury their heads in the sand even when there was a strong reason to believe that a prisoner was in danger. That is not the law. Farmer ,
Defendants rely on two cases to support their position, but the first is easily distinguishable and the second is inconsistent with circuit law. First, defendants cite one of LaBrec's previous cases, LaBrec v. Walker , No. 16-cv-774-jdp,
It should be obvious why Walker isn't instructive in this case. When a prisoner is alleging that he believes that another prisoner may harm him, he must provide some objective basis for that belief. This is because a prisoner is not a mind reader; without some objective manifestation of a threat, there is no way for prison staff to know whether "his complaint is based on more than just discontent or paranoia." Id. at *4. But this logic doesn't hold when a prisoner is threatening to harm himself . No one is in a better position to predict LaBrec's own actions than LaBrec; he doesn't need objective evidence to prove his own intent. So if LaBrec says that he intends to harm himself, that threat should be taken seriously even if he doesn't provide details.
*1045Defendants also cite Shipp v. Wolf , No. 17-C-560,
I respectfully disagree with Shipp , which is inconsistent with cases such as Sanville in which the court of appeals stated that a threat of suicide is sufficient to put prison staff on notice of a strong likelihood of self harm. As I discussed above, even prisoners in segregation can find ways to commit serious acts of self harm. In any event, Shipp is distinguishable as well. In this case, LaBrec stated repeatedly over the course of several hours that he was going to harm himself. He showed defendants a noose. Although an officer took the noose, that should have been an indication that LaBrec was serious when he continued making threats and then covered his cell window. Under these circumstances, a reasonable jury could find that defendants were not entitled to ignore LaBrec's threats.
In the alternative, defendants contend that they are entitled to qualified immunity, which applies unless, under the plaintiff's version of the facts, the law at the relevant time was clearly established that the defendants violated the plaintiff's rights. Carroll v. Carman , --- U.S. ----,
In Estate of Clark , the court held that the defendants were on notice because the prisoner's score on a screening tool indicated a "maximum risk of suicide."
The only case defendants cite in support of a qualified immunity defense is Shipp , but that case was decided in 2018, so defendants could not have relied on it in January 2017, when the events in this case occurred. Regardless, the law of this circuit is clear that a prisoner's threat to kill himself is sufficient to put officers on notice of a strong likelihood of serious self harm. So defendants are not entitled to qualified immunity or to summary judgment.
LaBrec also brought a negligence claim against each defendant. But defendants' only argument related to that claim is that the court should decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction in the event that the court dismisses the Eighth Amendment claims. Because I am allowing LaBrec's Eighth Amendment claims to go forward, I will retain jurisdiction over the state law claims as well.
The only remaining question is whether LaBrec has shown that he is entitled to assistance in recruiting counsel. He must show three things: (1) he is indigent; (2) he has made reasonable efforts to find counsel on his own; and (3) the case is too complex for him to litigate on his own. Walker v. Price ,
LaBrec has met the first requirement because he is proceeding in forma pauperis under
ORDER
IT IS ORDERED that:
1. Defendants' motion for summary judgment, Dkt. 48, is DENIED.
2. Plaintiff Matthew LaBrec's motion for assistance in recruiting counsel, Dkt. 65, is GRANTED. All remaining deadlines are STRUCK and the case is STAYED pending recruitment of counsel for LaBrec. If I find counsel willing to represent LaBrec, I will advise the parties of that fact. Soon thereafter, a status conference will be held to set a new schedule. LaBrec is advised that because of the large number of requests for counsel that the court receives, the search for counsel may take several weeks or even months and there is no guarantee that the court will find counsel willing to represent him.
Defendants say that the court should not consider LaBrec's previous acts of self harm because he hasn't presented evidence that any of the defendants were aware of those acts. LaBrec says that defendants must have known about them because he has harmed himself so many times. That is not necessarily an unreasonable inference, particularly as to defendants who say that they have been employed at the Columbia prison for several years or more. E.g. , Dkt. 51, ¶ 3 (Julson had been employed at the Columbia prison since 2010). And none of the defendants aver in their declarations that they were unaware of LaBrec's history. But it makes no difference to the outcome of defendants' motion for summary judgment, so I will assume that defendants did not know about LaBrec's past acts of self harm. Nevertheless, the past acts are relevant at least for the limited purpose of rebutting an inference that defendants had affirmative reasons for believing that LaBrec was not a threat to himself.
In fact, prison records show that LaBrec had even previously bitten "a hole in his hand" while he was in restrictive housing in 2015. Dkt. 64-1, at 27.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Matthew LABREC v. Dustin MEEKER, Henry Hansen, Jonathan Korducki, Kevin Phillips, Michael Julson, and Jesse Beaver
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published