Volunteers of America of Madison, Inc. v. Industrial Commission
Volunteers of America of Madison, Inc. v. Industrial Commission
Opinion of the Court
This appeal presents an interesting question of statutory interpretation. The statute in question is sec. 102.08, Stats., which provides:
“Epileptics and persons who are totally blind may elect not to be subject to the provisions of this chapter for injuries resulting because of such epilepsy or blindness and still remain subject to its provisions for all other injuries. . . . Such elections shall be made by giving notice to the employer in writing on a form to be furnished by the industrial commission, and filing a copy of such notice with the industrial commission. An election may be revoked by giving written notice to the employer of revocation, and such revocation shall be effective upon filing a copy of such notice with the industrial commission.”
The issue is whether this statute bars an epileptic, or those claiming through him, from recovery of workmen’s compensation for accidental injury or death benefits when he knowingly has misrepresented to his employer that he is not subject to epileptic seizures, and his epilepsy is a material factor in causing the accident. The circuit court held that under such circumstances the statute does bar recovery.
Our court is committed to the “positional risk” or “increased hazard” doctrine in determining whether an accidental injury to an employee “arises out of his em
There appears to be no past decision of this or any other court which is directly in point on the effect such statute has where there has been a knowing false representation by the employee that he is free of an ailment or physical deféct described in sec. 102.08, Stats.
The two decisions of other courts which are probably closest in point where reasoning by analogy is resorted to are Martin Co. v. Carpenter
In Martin Co. v. Carpenter
“. . . a false representation as to physical condition or health made by an employee in procuring employment will preclude the benefits of the Workmen’s Compensation Act for an otherwise compensable injury if there is shown to be a causal relationship between the injury and the false representation and if it is also shown that*615 (1) the employee knew the representation to be false, (2) the employer relied upon the false representation and (3) such reliance resulted in consequent injury to the employer.”6
The claimant in Air Mod Corp. v. Newton
“. . . in applying for employment, the employee (1) knowingly and wilfully made a false representation as to his physical condition; and (2) the employer relied upon the false representation and such reliance was a substantial factor in the hiring; and (3) there was a causal connection between the false representation and the injury.”8
The United States supreme court has recently held in Still v. Norfolk & W. R. Co.
We do not consider the holding in the Still Case persuasive in the instant case. Here we have an entirely different legislative policy present in sec. 102.08, Stats. This policy is to aid epileptics in obtaining employment by permitting them to elect not to be subject to the Workmen’s Compensation Act with respect to injuries resulting because of the epilepsy. Implicit in this statute is the requirement that the employee will not fraudulently conceal his epileptic condition from his. employer.
Suppose the situation of an epileptic who discloses his condition to his prospective employer and as a consequence the employer requests and is provided with a waiver pursuant to sec. 102.08, Stats. If this employee, during course of his employment, should fall into the water because of an epileptic seizure and drown, neither his dependents nor the state would recover a workmen’s compensation death benefit. It would indeed be an absurd result if a death benefit would be payable in a situation where the employee’s epileptic condition was fraudulently concealed from the employer and the same type of accident occurred. Such an interpretation of the statute would tend to put a premium on dishonesty. This court has many times held that in construing a statute, unreasonableness or absurdity is to be avoided if the
We, therefore, determine that the circuit court rightly concluded that in the light of sec. 102.08, Stats., the false representation knowingly made by Cusic to Volunteers at time of hiring that he had not been subject to epileptic seizures would preclude the benefits of the Workmen’s Compensation Act if his fall resulted from an attack of epilepsy. Thus the commission improperly found that it was immaterial what caused Cusic to fall from the canoe.
This conclusion requires affirming the judgment which remanded the cause to the commission to make a finding with respect to the cause of Cusic’s fall into the water.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.
Cutler-Hammer, Inc., v. Industrial Comm. (1958), 5 Wis. (2d) 247, 252, 254, 92 N. W. (2d) 824; American Motors Corp. v. Industrial Comm. (1957), 1 Wis. (2d) 261, 272, 273, 83 N. W. (2d) 714; Nash-Kelvinator Corp. v. Industrial Comm. (1954), 266 Wis. 81, 86, 62 N. W. (2d) 567. Cf. Newman v. Industrial Comm. (1931), 203 Wis. 358, 234 N. W. 495.
(Fla. 1961), 132 So. (2d) 400.
(Del. 1965), 215 Atl. (2d) 434.
Sec. 440.15 (5), Florida Stats. (1959), and 19 Del. Code Anno,, sec. 2327.
Supra, footnote 2.
Id. at page 406.
Supra, footnote 3.
Supra, footnote 3, at page 440.
(1961), 368 U. S. 35, 82 Sup. Ct. 148, 7 L. Ed. (2d) 103.
Id. at page 44. The Still decision overruled a number of F.E.L.A. cases rendered by the federal courts subsequent to Minneapolis, St. P. & S. S. M. R. Co. v. Rock (1929), 279 U. S. 410, 49 Sup. Ct. 363, 73 L. Ed. 766, in which recovery had been denied where the employee fraudulently substituted another to take his physical examination at time of hiring. For these cases see footnote 11, pages 43, 44 of the Still Case.
State v. Fisher (1962), 17 Wis. (2d) 141, 146, 115 N. W. (2d) 553; Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. v. Public Service Comm. (1960), 9 Wis. (2d) 606, 615, 101 N. W. (2d) 798; State v. Surma (1953), 263 Wis. 388, 394, 57 N. W. (2d) 370.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). In sec. 102.08, Stats., the legislature has acted to alleviate the problem of the epileptic or totally blind person who is refused employment because the employer desires to avoid workmen’s compensation claims for injuries resulting from such handicap. The only employer it expressly protects is an employer who knew of the handicap and insisted on a waiver as a condition of employment.
The legislature has not provided generally for denial of compensation to an injured employee whose injuries arise out of a disability or handicap which he has misrepresented or concealed, and I would not read such provision for denial in the case of concealed epilepsy into sec. 102.08, Stats. I would reverse.
Reference
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